腧穴






1963年北京中医学院学生辨别穴位


腧穴又称穴位，是中國傳統醫學在人體分佈體表的脏腑经络循環路線中，對气血匯聚、轉输與出入之所的特定處所給定的名稱，既是疾病的反应点，又是针灸推拿等醫學临床的刺激点。腧穴在《黃帝內經》中又稱節、會、氣穴、骨空，《針灸甲乙經》稱孔穴，，《太平圣惠方》有称做“穴道”,《铜人腧穴针灸图经》通称为“腧穴”,《神灸经纶》则称为“穴位”。


中文古文中，“腧、輸、俞”三字可相通，發音（shù ㄕㄨˋ），但使用時各有所指。“腧穴”是指穴位的統稱；腧與「輸」通,有轉注輸注的含義，指經氣的轉輸如同水流的轉輸灌注；穴有孔隙的意思，指經氣所居留之處在筋骨肌肉的空隙間。“輸穴”指五腧穴（井滎輸經合）中的第三個穴位；“俞穴”是指募俞穴中的背俞穴，即臟腑之氣輸注於背部的穴位。


人體五臟六腑的「正經」經絡系統共計十二條，加上身體正面中央的「任脈」、背面中央的「督脈」各有一條特殊經絡系統。加計後共為十四經絡或稱為廣義經絡，在其上所排列著的人體穴道，稱為「正穴」，全部共有三百六十五處。但仍還有很多隱敝、偏僻的穴道，如果連這些都算在內，人體總穴位數目超過該數目。




目录






  • 1 腧穴用途


  • 2 腧穴的分類


  • 3 相關條目


  • 4 參考文獻


  • 5 站外链接





腧穴用途



  1. 医家：用针来聚气通经，用针来泻脏腑邪气，用针来调理阴阳表里脏腑之气，以有余补不足。医者也用灸来补阳平阴。医者也以药归经，调理脏腑阴阳。主要載於在中醫典籍《黃帝內經》與《難經》第六十二難至第六十八難中。

  2. 武學家：直接攻擊傷害腧穴，來減損對方攻防能力，嚴重傷害者可能導致瞬間死亡。[來源請求]。



腧穴的分類


腧穴大體上可分為三大類：



經穴

指歸屬於十二正经及任脈、督脈的腧穴，又稱為十四經穴。由於分布在十四經脈上，所以能十四經脈及所屬臟腑的病證，而且能主治本經的病證。



奇穴

指未歸入十二經脈及任脈、督脈，但具有奇效、有明確位置及名稱的腧穴，又稱為經外奇穴。其主治範圍比較單純，多數對某些病證有特殊療效。



阿是穴

是以痛處為穴直接進行針灸的一類腧穴，既無固定名稱，也没有固定位置，又稱為不定、天應。



铜人穴位模型


铜人穴位模型



相關條目



  • 腧穴列表

  • 针灸

  • 《針灸甲乙經》

  • 《靈樞經》

  • 点穴术



參考文獻




  1. 楊甲三等，《腧穴學》，上海科學技術出版社（1998），ISBN 7532302199/R.59


  2. 黃維三，《針灸科學》，台北，正中書局（2000），ISBN 9570900733



站外链接


  • 人体穴位图






















规范控制

  • NDL: 01073415



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