Agfdhyk

Please look at this code

class Bond

{

    public:

        Bond(int payments_per_year, int period_lengths_in_months);

        Bond() = default;



    private:

        const int payments_per_year;

        const int period_length_in_months;

    };



int main()

{

    Bond b; // Error here

}

When attempting to compile I get an error:

error C2280: 'Bond::Bond(void)': attempting to reference a deleted function".

It's not a "rule of 3" violation since I've added the default constructor back.

Why doesn't the compiler recognise Bond() = default;?

You are being affected by section [class.default.ctor]p2 of the draft C++ standard (or [class.ctor]p5 in C++11) which says:

A defaulted default constructor for class X is defined as deleted if:

...

- any non-variant non-static data member of const-qualified type (or array thereof) with no brace-or-equal-initializer does not have a user-provided default constructor,

...

They possible key to fixing your issue is with the phrase with no brace-or-equal-initializer so if you provide brace-or-equal-initializer that will fix your issue e.g.:

const int payments_per_year{12};

const int period_length_in_months{48};

brace-or-equal-initializer does not require braces, we can see this the grammar:

brace-or-equal-initializer:

    = initializer-clause

    braced-init-list

but using uniform initialization has some advantages such as making narrowing conversions ill-formed that it is worth getting used to using them.

Both gcc and clang provide more meaningful diagnostics for this see the live godbolt session. Sometimes it can be helpful to try your code on multiple compilers, especially if you have a minimal test case like this e.g. clang says:

 warning: explicitly defaulted default constructor is implicitly deleted [-Wdefaulted-function-deleted]

    Bond() = default;

    ^

 note: default constructor of 'Bond' is implicitly deleted because field 'payments_per_year' of const-qualified type 'const int' would not be initialized

    const int payments_per_year;

              ^

...

The default constructor is suppressed since there are constant members that need to be explicitly initialised.

Therefore, due to that suppression, writing Bond() = default does not reintroduce the default constructor.

(You can see this effect by removing all the constructors in the class - you still can't instantiate a b.)

If you drop the const from the members then all will be well; although another alternative is to supply a brace-or-equal-initializer for each const member;

const int payments_per_year = 2;

const int period_length_in_months = 6;

for example.

Another fix, is to specify a default value in the declaration of the constants:

const int payments_per_year = {12};

This can still be overridden by the valued constructor, but allows the default constructor to proceed.

This is also a very flexible way to simplify your multiple constructor cases.