北洋通商大臣




北洋通商大臣，清咸丰十年（1860年），清政府设总理各国事务衙门，下设辦理三口通商大臣，簡稱三口通商大臣[1]及辦理五口通商大臣，簡稱五口通商大臣，負責新設口岸的通商、關防及稅收[2]，並在清廷授權下处理对外通商（包括外交）事务。[3][4]三口通商大臣驻天津，管理牛庄、天津、登州三口通商事务。开始是专职，首任大臣是崇厚。


同治九年（1870年）十月，裁撤三口通商大臣，設三品北洋通商大臣，简称北洋大臣，由直隶总督兼任，加欽差銜。[5]北洋大臣管理直隶(今河北)、山东、奉天(今辽宁)三省通商、洋务，办理有关外交、海防、关税及官辦之兵工廠等事宜。担任过北洋大臣的有李鸿章、王文韶、荣禄、袁世凯等。



參考資料





  1. ^ 《清實錄·文宗顯皇帝實錄》，卷三百三十七


  2. ^ 《清實錄·文宗顯皇帝實錄》，卷三百三十八


  3. ^ 《清實錄·穆宗毅皇帝實錄》，卷七十四


  4. ^ 《清實錄·穆宗毅皇帝實錄》，卷一百八十四


  5. ^ 《清實錄·穆宗毅皇帝實錄》，卷二百九十三









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