信心銘

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《信心銘》，禪宗著作，以頌偈體說明開悟的方法與境界。出自《景德傳燈錄》卷30，傳統認為它的作者是禪宗三祖僧璨。《景德傳燈錄》中，有另一篇著作《心銘》，與信心銘內容相近，為牛頭宗初祖法融所做。近代學者相信它是《信心銘》的姐妹篇，可能同是法融所作。



作者考證


最早認為《信心銘》為僧璨所做，為《百丈廣錄》，《景德傳燈錄》接受《百丈廣錄》的說法，以僧璨為《信心銘》作者。但更早的文獻如《歷代法寶記》、《寶林傳》、《續高僧傳》都沒有提到僧璨作信心銘，《楞伽師資記》引用《續高僧傳》，認為僧璨沒有文字著作傳世[1]。


在《景德傳燈錄》卷30中，提出有《三祖僧璨大師信心銘》與《牛頭山初祖法融禪師心銘》兩篇。兩篇的主題相近，內容相近，文句相近，因此近代學者懷疑此兩篇著作的來源相同。


永明延壽作《宗鏡錄》中，以法融為信心銘的作者[2]。但在《宗鏡錄》引用的信心銘中，有部份文句是屬於《心銘》。印順法師認為，心銘與信心銘都是由法融所作，可能心銘是初傳本，而信心銘為後人的精治本[3]。


日本學者西谷啟治與柳田聖山（日语：柳田聖山）認為是8世紀時的禪宗僧人，偽託僧璨之名所做。[4]



歷史


百丈懷海禪師是禪宗裏最早以《信心銘》來教授學徒的祖師，趙州禪師經常引「至道無難，唯嫌撿擇」來接引學人。此後此書在歷代一直受到重視。



註釋





  1. ^ 《楞伽師資記》：「按續高僧傳曰：可後粲禪師，隱思空山，蕭然淨坐，不出文記，祕不傳法。」


  2. ^ 《宗鏡錄》：「所以融大師信心銘云。欲得心淨。無心用功。」


  3. ^ 印順《中國禪宗史》：「現存的『心銘』與『信心銘』，可說是姊妹篇。思想相近，所說的問題相近，類似的句子也不少；『信心銘』要精練些。依延壽──江東所傳，『信心銘』有 不同的二本（即今『心銘』與『信心銘』），但都是牛頭法融作的。這可能『心銘』是初傳本， 『信心銘』是（後人）精治本。以『信心銘』為三祖僧璨所作，只是江西方面洪州宗的傳說。」


  4. ^ Faith Mind Inscription. Internet Sacred Text Archive. 




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禪宗

“不立文字，教外別傳；直指人心，見性成佛。”
源流

西天二十八祖 – 初祖菩提達磨 – 二祖慧可大祖 – 三祖僧璨鑒智 – 四祖道信大醫 – 五祖弘忍大滿 – 六祖慧能大鑒
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發展























禪宗法脈
早期禪宗

楞伽禪 – 牛頭宗｜東山法門/黃梅禪 – 神秀系北宗禪｜惠能系南宗禪 – 北荷澤宗｜南洪州宗｜南石頭宗｜保唐宗
五家七宗

溈仰宗 – 臨濟宗（黃龍派 · 楊岐派） – 曹洞宗 – 雲門宗 – 法眼宗
明清禪宗

天童系 – 磐山系 – 雲門系 – 壽昌系
各地传承

台灣禪宗 · 日本（臨濟宗 · 曹洞宗 · 普化宗 · 黄檗宗） – 朝鮮半島（禅门九山 · 南韓曹溪宗） – 越南（無言通派 · 竹林禪派） – 東南亞地區 – 世界禅


法門和教義

禪（禅修 · 禅定） – 不立文字（日语：不立文字） – 如來禪 – 祖師禪 – 看話禪 – 默照禪 – 文字禪 – 念佛禪（佛随念 · 念佛） – 开悟 – 頓悟和漸悟 – 明心見性 – 即身成佛 – 機鋒 – 十牛圖 – 公案 – 百丈清规 – 丛林制度 – 禪淨雙修
經典

心經 – 金剛經 – 圓覺經 – 楞伽經 – 楞嚴經 – 維摩詰經 – 六祖壇經 – 大乘起信論

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