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Porto

Full name	Futebol Clube do Porto
Nickname(s)	Azuis e brancos (Blue and whites) Dragões (Dragons)
Short name	Porto
Founded	28 September 1893; 125 years ago (1893-09-28) as Foot-Ball Club do Porto
Ground	Estádio do Dragão Porto, Portugal
Capacity	50,033
President	Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa
Head coach	Sérgio Conceição
League	Primeira Liga
2017–18	Primeira Liga, 1st
Website	Club website
Home colours Away colours Third colours
Current season

Historical chart of Porto league performance

Active sections of Futebol Clube do Porto
Football	Football B	Football U19
Handball	Roller hockey	Basketball
Billiards	Swimming	Cycling
Adapted sports	Boxing

Futebol Clube do Porto, MHIH, OM^[1][2] (Portuguese pronunciation: [futɨˈβɔl ˈkluβ(ɨ) ðu ˈpoɾtu]), commonly known as FC Porto or simply Porto, is a Portuguese sports club based in Porto. It is best known for the professional football team playing in the Primeira Liga, the top flight of Portuguese football.

Founded on 28 September 1893, Porto is one of the "Big Three" (Portuguese: Os Três Grandes) teams in Portugal – together with Lisbon-based rivals Benfica and Sporting CP – that have appeared in every season of the Primeira Liga since its establishment in 1934. They are nicknamed Dragões (Dragons), for the mythical creature atop the club's crest, and Azuis e brancos (Blue-and-whites), for the shirt colours. The club supporters are called Portistas. Since 2003, Porto have played their home matches at the Estádio do Dragão, which replaced the previous 52-year-old ground, the Estádio das Antas.

Porto is the second most decorated team in Portugal, with a total of 76 major trophies, of which 69 were achieved in domestic competitions.^[3] These comprise 28 Primeira Liga titles (five of which were won consecutively between 1994–95 and 1998–99, a Portuguese football record), 16 Taça de Portugal, 4 Campeonato de Portugal, and a record 21 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. Porto is the only team in Portuguese league history to have won two titles without any defeat, namely in the 2010–11 and 2012–13 seasons.^[4] In the former, Porto achieved the largest-ever difference of points between champion and runner-up in a three-points-per-win system (21 points), on their way to a second quadruple.

In international competitions, Porto is the most decorated Portuguese team, with a total of seven trophies. They won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League in 1987 and 2004, the UEFA Cup/Europa League in 2003 and 2011, the UEFA Super Cup in 1987, and the Intercontinental Cup in 1987 and 2004. In addition, they were runners-up in the 1983–84 European Cup Winners' Cup and in the 2003, 2004 and 2011 editions of the UEFA Super Cup. Porto is the only Portuguese club to have won the UEFA Cup/Europa League, the UEFA Super Cup and the Intercontinental Cup, and to have achieved a continental treble of domestic league, domestic cup and European titles (2002–03 and 2010–11). Together with Barcelona and Real Madrid, Porto have the most appearances in the UEFA Champions League group stage (21).^[5] At the end of the 2017–18 season, Porto ranked 11th in the UEFA club coefficient ranking.^[6]

History

Early years (1893–1921)

António Nicolau de Almeida, club founder

The club was founded on 28 September 1893 as Foot-Ball Club do Porto by António Nicolau de Almeida, a local port wine merchant and avid sportsman, who became fascinated with football during his trips to England.^[7][8][9] Porto played its first matches with other Portuguese clubs, including one against Lisbon's Foot-Ball Club Lisbonense on 2 March 1894. This match had the patronage of King Carlos I and Queen Amélie of Orléans, who traveled to Porto to witness the event and present a trophy to the winners.^[7][10]

Almeida's enthusiasm and involvement with the club waned due to family pressure, and by the turn of the century, Porto had entered a period of inactivity.^[7] In 1906, José Monteiro da Costa returned to Porto after finishing his studies in England. Like Almeida, thirteen years before, he was also captivated by the English game, and together with some associates, decided to reintroduce the practice of football in the city, outside of the British circles. On 2 August 1906, Porto was revived and Monteiro da Costa appointed its president. Although football was the driving force, the club also promoted other sports, including gymnastics, weightlifting and wrestling, athletics and swimming.^[11] Shortly after, Porto rented its first ground and recruited a French coach named Adolphe Cassaigne,^[12] who would stay in the club until 1925.^[13]

On 15 December 1907, Porto played its first match against a foreign team, hosting Spain's Real Fortuna.^[14] In the following month, Porto returned the visit and played its first match abroad.^[15] Four years later, the club won the inaugural staging of the Taça José Monteiro da Costa,^[16] securing its first-ever major title.^[17] In 1912, Porto joined efforts with Leixões to establish the Porto Football Association, which began organising the regional championship in the following year.^[18] Porto finished the first season as runners-up, behind local rivals Boavista, but in the following season the club won its first championship. By the end of the 1920–21 season, Porto had been regional champions six times in seven years,^[19] and outright winners of the Taça José Monteiro da Costa, after claiming a third consecutive victory in 1916.^[16]

First national titles and drought years (1921–1977)

The 1921–22 season was marked by the creation of the first nationwide football competition – the Campeonato de Portugal.^[20] Organised by the national federation, this knockout tournament gathered the winners of the different regional championships to determine the Portuguese champion.^[21] After clinching its fourth consecutive regional title, Porto defeated Sporting CP in the inaugural edition and became the first national champions.^[20][22] While a dominant regional force,^[a] the club faced stronger opposition in the national championship, winning it only three more times in a span of sixteen years (1925, 1932 and 1937).^[22] In 1933–34, Porto was denied participation in the Campeonato de Portugal by its football association for refusing to release players for a match between the Porto and Lisbon regional teams.^[23]

In the following season, a second nationwide competition named "Campeonato da Primeira Liga" (English: Premier League Championship), or simply Primeira Liga, was provisionally established by the national federation to increase the number of matches per season and improve the competitiveness of Portuguese football.^[24] As the regional champion, Porto qualified for the first edition of the new round-robin competition, winning it with 10 victories in 14 matches.^[25][26] Due to the success of its format, the Primeira Liga was made an official championship competition for the 1938–39 season – its name changed to "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão" (English: First Division National Championship) or simply Primeira Divisão – and replaced the Campeonato de Portugal, which in turn was converted into the Taça de Portugal, the main domestic cup competition.^[21][22] Porto won the inaugural edition of the new league championship and successfully defended the title in the next season, despite almost failing to take part.^[b] The club failed to secure a third consecutive title, and after nearly missing again a place in the Primeira Divisão in 1941–42,^[c] it would only return to a top-three finish in the 1946–47 season. In 1948, Porto defeated English champions Arsenal 3–2 in a friendly match. To commemorate this victory, the associates offered the club a massive trophy made of 250 kg (550 lb) of silver and wood – the Arsenal Cup.^[30]

Having endured a 16-year title drought period, Porto returned to winning ways by taking the 1955–56 Primeira Divisão on head-to-head advantage over runners-up Benfica. Later that season, Porto beat Torreense to win its first Taça de Portugal and achieve its first double.^[31][32] As the Portuguese league winner, Porto made its debut in European competitions by qualifying for the 1956–57 European Cup. The club's first participation was short-lived, ending in the preliminary round with two defeats against Spanish champions Athletic Bilbao.^[33][34] A year later, Porto lifted its second Taça de Portugal by beating Benfica 1–0 in the final.^[32] The two clubs met again in the following season's final, but this time Benfica took the trophy and denied a second double for Porto, who had won the 1958–59 Primeira Divisão three months before.^[35]

Shortly after, the club entered another lacklustre period of its history, the highest point of which was a victory in the 1968 Taça de Portugal final. During this time, Porto achieved its worst-ever league classification, a ninth place in 1969–70,^[36] while its best league record consisted of six runner-up finishes (four consecutive between 1961–62 and 1964–65).^[37] In European competitions, the club participated for the first time in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (and its successor, the UEFA Cup) and in the Cup Winners' Cup, without getting past the third round.^[38] One of the club's most tragic moments occurred on 16 December 1973, when during a league match against Vitória de Setúbal, 26-year-old captain Pavão fell unconscious on the pitch and died later at the hospital.^[39][40] The following month, Porto presented Peruvian international Teófilo Cubillas, who became one of the club's most successful players, scoring 65 goals in 108 games.^[41]

International affirmation (1977–1988)

Rabah Madjer (pictured in 1982) was a key figure in Porto's 1987 European Cup Final victory.

The return of José Maria Pedroto – a former Porto player and head coach in the late 1960s – in the 1976–77 season started a new chapter in the club's history. Responsible for the previous cup triumph in 1968, Pedroto guided Porto to its fourth title in the competition.^[42] In the following season, he put an end to Porto's league title drought, winning the championship 19 years after having played in the team that took the last title.^[43] Internationally, Porto reached the quarter-finals of the 1977–78 Cup Winners' Cup, beating Manchester United along the way,^[44] but suffered its heaviest defeat (6–1) against AEK Athens in the subsequent season's European Cup.^[8] A poor run of performances in the latter part of the season – resulting in the loss of the league and cup titles – sparked a conflict between the technical staff and president Américo de Sá, which ended with the resignation of Pedroto and his replacement by Hermann Stessl.^[45] In December 1981, Porto overcame Benfica to win the inaugural staging of the Portuguese Super Cup, the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira.^[46]

Pedroto returned in April 1982 by the hand of the club's newly elected president Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa, who had resigned as director of football, two years before, in solidarity with the coach.^[47] The previous month, Porto fell again in the Cup Winners' Cup quarter-finals against one of the eventual finalists,^[48] but needed only two years to finally reach the competition's final. On 16 May 1984, Porto played its first major European final in Basel's St. Jakob Stadium, losing 2–1 to Michel Platini's Juventus.^[49] Already without Pedroto, who stepped down due to illness, Porto won that season's Taça and Supertaça but lost the championship to Benfica.^[50] Under the steering of Pedroto's apprentice, Artur Jorge, the following season brought the Primeira Divisão title back to the club and crowned homegrown striker Fernando Gomes as Europe's top goalscorer for the second time, after first taking the award in 1983.^[51][52]

Porto retained the league title in 1986, securing an entry to the 1986–87 European Cup. In the first game, the club recorded its biggest win in European competitions: 9–0 against Maltese side Rabat Ajax.^[8]Vítkovice of Czechoslovakia, Brøndby of Denmark, and Dynamo Kyiv of the Soviet Union were successively eliminated as Porto advanced to its first European Cup final, against Bayern Munich. Trailing the Germans 1–0 until the 79th minute, Porto scored twice in two minutes – the first goal through a famous backheel from former Algerian international Rabah Madjer,^[53] who assisted Juary for the second – to secure a surprising win and the European Cup title.^[54]

The following season, under new coach Tomislav Ivic, the club completed a treble of international trophies by beating Ajax for the 1987 European Super Cup and Uruguay's Peñarol for the 1987 Intercontinental Cup.^[55][56] The 1987–88 season was one of the most successful for the club, who also won the Taça de Portugal and an expanded 20-team Primeira Divisão with a record number of goals scored (88) and distance in points to the runners-up (15).^[d][57]

Tri, Tetra, Penta (1968–1972)

In contrast to the previous season, Porto failed to win a trophy in 1988–89, with many of its players struck down with injuries, such as Madjer and Gomes.^[58] Fifteen years after his first-team debut, Gomes made his last season for Porto, where he became the all-time top goalscorer with 352 goals in 455 matches.^[59] The club brought back Artur Jorge, who recovered the Primeira Divisão title in the following season and added the Taça and Supertaça trophies in 1991.^[60] His successor, Brazilian Carlos Alberto Silva, won back-to-back league titles in two seasons and qualified Porto for the first UEFA Champions League.^[61][62]

Bobby Robson won the first two of Porto's record five consecutive league titles.

Midway through the 1993–94 season, Porto hired former England manager Bobby Robson, who had been sacked by Sporting CP. The club closed the gap to league winners Benfica, reached the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League semi-finals and ended the season with a victory over Sporting CP in the Taça de Portugal final.^[63]
In Robson's first full season, Porto claimed the 1994–95 Primeira Divisão title with a win at Sporting CP's ground and played Benfica four times to secure both the 1993 and 1994 stagings of the Supertaça.^[64][46] The beginning of the season had been clouded by the death of 26-year-old midfielder Rui Filipe, who had scored the club's first league goal.^[64] Robson's increasing health problems barred him from leading Porto in the first months of the 1995–96 season, but he returned in time to revalidate the league title. Striker Domingos Paciência became the club's top goalscorer for the second consecutive time and won that season's Bola de Prata, the last win by a Portuguese player.^[65]

To fill the void left by the departure of Robson for Barcelona, Porto hired former club captain and Portugal national team manager António Oliveira. Under his command, Porto made history by winning a third consecutive league title (the Tri) for the first time, leaving the runners-up at distance of 13 points. The club's eighth Supertaça win over Benfica was achieved with a solid performance at the Estádio da Luz that resulted in a 5–0 scoreline.^[46][66] The arrival of Brazilian players Artur and Mário Jardel proved highly productive in the 1996–97 UEFA Champions League, as their goals helped Porto beat Milan in Italy and win its group without defeats.^[67] In addition, Jardel would win the first of four consecutive Bola de Prata awards while at Porto.^[66] In Oliveira's second and last season at the club, Porto won the Primeira Divisão for the fourth straight season (the Tetra), matching Sporting CP's achievement in the early 1950s, and secured its third double after beating Braga in the 1998 Taça de Portugal final.^[32][68]

For the 1998–99 season, Porto tasked Portuguese coach Fernando Santos with winning the club's fifth successive Primeira Divisão title (the Penta) – a Portuguese football record. He accomplished this feat, becoming thereafter known as the "Penta engineer" (a pun to his academic degree),^[69] and saw Jardel's 36 goals win him the European Golden Shoe.^[70][52] Porto lost the chance to win its sixth straight league title, after finishing four points behind 1999–2000 Primeira Liga champions Sporting, but overcame them to lift its tenth Taça de Portugal trophy.^[71][32] Despite winning the Portuguese cup for the second time in two years, continued failure to retake the league title led to the resignation of Santos at the end of the 2000–01 season.^[72]

Mourinho's golden years (2001–2004)

José Mourinho led Porto to consecutive UEFA Cup and UEFA Champions League titles.

The appointment of former club player and assistant coach Octávio Machado to head Porto back to the league title appeared to pay off as the team began the season with a Supertaça win against the 2000–01 Primeira Liga winners, Boavista.^[46] However, this would be the only major achievement in a lacklustre season that would culminate with a third place in the league classification – the lowest in 20 years. The elimination from the 2001–02 Taça de Portugal, four days after losing away for the Primeira Liga, precipitated the sacking of Machado after 36 matches in charge.^[73]

Two days later, Porto signed União de Leiria's coach, José Mourinho, who had previously worked in the club alongside Robson.^[74] In his presentation, Mourinho promptly showcased his personality by stating unequivocally that the club would win next season's league title.^[73] He kept true to his promise and delivered one of the club's most successful seasons. Fielding the likes of Deco, Ricardo Carvalho, Maniche, and less known players hired from other Portuguese clubs, such as Paulo Ferreira, Pedro Emanuel, Nuno Valente and Derlei, Porto won the 2002–03 Primeira Liga with relative comfort, finishing 11 points ahead of second-placed Benfica.^[75] The club also won the UEFA Cup, defeating Celtic in a dramatic extra-time final, to win its second major European title.^[76] Mourinho then secured an unprecedented treble for Porto by winning the Taça de Portugal final against his previous club.^[32]

The 2003–04 season began with another 1–0 win over União de Leiria, which gave the club its 13th Supertaça.^[46] Weeks later, Porto failed to repeat this result in the 2003 UEFA Super Cup, losing 1–0 to Milan.^[77] The departure of striker Hélder Postiga was compensated by the signing of South Africa's Benni McCarthy, whose 20 league goals helped Porto in its league title defence and crowned him the competition's top scorer.^[78] Mourinho entered the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League with confidence to his team. Porto finished second in its group, losing only once to Real Madrid, and advanced to a round-of-16 meeting with Manchester United. Porto scored on the 90th minute of the second leg at Old Trafford to draw 1–1 and advance to the quarter-finals with a 3–2 aggregate win. The team then overcame Lyon and Deportivo La Coruña and reached the Champions League final, where it defeated Monaco 3–0 to lift the club's second European Champion Clubs' Cup.^[79] A 2–1 loss to Benfica in the Taça de Portugal final, held 10 days before, prevented another treble-winning season.^[32]

Life after Mourinho (2004–2010)

The successful European performances of Mourinho's Porto enhanced the reputations of the coach and players like Carvalho, Ferreira and Deco, all of whom left the club in the aftermath of the Champions League victory.^{[80][81][82][83]} The following season was an atypical one, as the club had three different coaches: Luigi Delneri,^[e]Víctor Fernández and José Couceiro. Under Férnandez, Porto won the 2004 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and the 2004 Intercontinental Cup, but lost the 2004 UEFA Super Cup to Valencia and was eliminated prematurely in the 2004–05 Taça de Portugal. Recording only 17 wins in 34 matches, Porto lost the Primeira Liga title to Benfica by three points.^[85] During this period, Porto was involved in corruption scandal Apito Dourado.^[86]

Porto players celebrate the club's second Tetra in 2008–09.

In 2005–06, Dutch coach Co Adriaanse was picked to reorganise the team and return the club to the top of Portuguese football. His tactical discipline and the contribution of new signings Lucho González and Lisandro López led the club to not only retake the Primeira Liga title but also secure its fifth domestic double, after beating holders Vitória de Setúbal in the Taça de Portugal final.^[87] Adriaanse's domestic success did not transfer to the Champions League, as Porto finished in the bottom of its group.^[88]

The club began the 2006–07 season with a new coach, Jesualdo Ferreira, signed from neighbours Boavista. Before Ferreira assumed his role, Porto won the season-opening Supertaça, with former club player Rui Barros acting as interim coach.^[89] An experienced head coach, Ferreira had never achieved major club level success, but in his first season in Porto he became national champion for the first time.^[90] The 2006–07 Primeira Liga title was only secured in a frantic final day, as Porto finished one point above Sporting and two above Benfica.^[91] In the following season, the club achieved the Tri for the second time in its history – with López clinching the top goalscorer award –, but lost the Taça and Supertaça finals to Sporting CP.^[92] As result of a legal investigation on match fixing in Portuguese football, Porto was punished with the loss of six points, which did not affect its final league classification.^[93]

Having claimed a sixth league and cup double in the 2008–09 season,^[94] Porto was on course to emulate the Penta of the late 1990s, but the series was broken by Benfica in the following season.^[95] Although Ferreira won his first Supertaça and defended the Taça de Portugal title, the team's failure to claim a fifth consecutive league – finishing third, outside the Champions League-qualifying places – and a 3–0 defeat against Benfica in the final of the Taça da Liga contributed to his resignation at the end of the season. A home win against Benfica prevented the rivals from celebrating the league title at the Estádio do Dragão.^[95] Under Ferreira's steering, Porto always qualified for the Champions League knockout stage, reaching the quarter-finals in 2008–09, where it was eliminated by holders Manchester United.^[96]

Villas-Boas and recent years (2010–present)

Porto edged Braga 1–0 in the 2011 UEFA Europa League Final held at the Aviva Stadium (opening ceremony pictured) in Dublin.

Radamel Falcao celebrating the UEFA Europa League victory in 2011.

The arrival of Mourinho's former assistant André Villas-Boas, in the spring of 2010, set the stage to a highly successful 2010–11 season, which began with a 2–0 victory over Benfica for the Supertaça.^[46] Spearheaded by João Moutinho, Silvestre Varela, Falcao and Hulk (the Bola de Prata winner), Porto performed strongly in the Primeira Liga and assured its 25th title with five matches to play, after beating Benfica in its stadium.^[97] In addition, the club broke a number of records: biggest distance between champions and runners-up (21 points), most consecutive league wins (16) and highest percentage of points in a 30-game season (93.33%), dropping only six points and finishing the league without defeats, for the first time in its history.^[98]
Eight years after the 2003 triumph, Porto returned to the UEFA Cup (renamed UEFA Europa League) and reached the final in Dublin's Aviva Stadium. In an all-Portuguese affair, Porto beat Braga with a goal from the competition's top goalscorer Falcao and lifted the trophy for the second time,^[99] as Villas-Boas became the youngest UEFA competition-winning coach.^[100] Four days later, Porto won its third consecutive Taça de Portugal with a convincing 6–2 scoreline,^[32] securing their fourth trophy of the season.^[97]

As Villas-Boas left for Chelsea, Porto recruited the services of his assistant, Vítor Pereira. For the third straight year, the club began the season with another Supertaça title,^[46] which was followed by a 2–0 loss to Barcelona for the 2011 UEFA Super Cup.^[101] Although lacking the goalscoring prolificacy of Falcao (sold to Atlético Madrid), Porto was able to revalidate the Primeira Liga title,^[102] but was eliminated prematurely from the Taça and Champions League competitions. Transferred to the Europa League, Porto failed to defend its title after being knocked out by Manchester City.^[103]
In the following season, the club went a stage further in both domestic cup competitions and in the Champions League, where it fell to Málaga in the last-16 round.^[104] In the 2012–13 Primeira Liga, Porto reduced the distance to leaders Benfica to two points, before hosting them in the penultimate matchday. In a dramatic turn of events, Porto won with a goal in stoppage time and moved to the top of the league table.^[105] An away victory in the last game confirmed the Tri and Porto's 27th league title – the second without defeats.^[106]

Porto entered the 2013–14 season with a new head coach – Paulo Fonseca, signed from 2012–13 Primeira Liga third-placed Paços de Ferreira^[107] – but continued the trend of the previous four seasons by winning the Supertaça.^[46] This title would be the highlight of the season, as the club underperformed in every other competition it was involved. In the league, Porto led with five points over its pursuers, but a series of compromising results pushed the club down to third place, resulting in the sacking of Fonseca.^[108] Failing to overcome the Champions League group stage, Porto reached the Europa League quarter-finals, where they lost 4–1 to the eventual winners Sevilla.^[109] In the following weeks, two semi-final losses against Benfica closed the doors to the finals of the Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga, the latter at home on penalties.^[32][110]

Porto started the 2014–15 season with their biggest budget ever,^[111] hiring Spanish head coach Julen Lopetegui. Despite the signing of many new players, they failed to win any silverware, contributing to the biggest hiatus during Pinto da Costa's presidency, that goes back to 2013.^[112] They also equalized, in terms of goals conceded, their biggest defeat in European competitions (6–1 against AEK Athens) and suffered their biggest defeat in the UEFA Champions League (6–1 against Bayern Munich, after the 5–0 loss against Arsenal in 2010).^[113][114] Porto continued their losing trend in the 2015–16 season, making it the second consecutive trophyless season, with the contribution of José Peseiro, who had replaced Julen Lopetegui in January 2016. After the season was over, Peseiro was replaced by Nuno Espírito Santo.

In the 2017–18 season, after almost five years without winning any trophy, Porto won their 28th league title with the contribution of coach Sérgio Conceição (former club player).^[115]

Crest and kit

The club's first crest was created in 1910 and consisted of an old blue football with white seams bearing the club name's initials in white. On 26 October 1922, the crest was changed to its present-day appearance after the club approved a design by Augusto Baptista Ferreira (nicknamed "Simplício"), a graphical artist and one of the club's players.^[121] In his proposal, the city's coat of arms – consisting at the time of a quartered shield (first and fourth quadrants: national arms; second and third quadrants: image of Our Lady holding baby Jesus and flanked by two towers holding above a banner with the Latin words "Civitas Virginis") surrounded by the collar of the Order of the Tower and Sword and topped by a crown supporting a green dragon with a red banner inscribed with "Invicta" (Undefeated [city]) – was added on top of the old crest, pushing the white letters down.^[122]

In 1906, the club's first official team wore kits with a variety of colors and patterns, which included white shirts with red collars or vertical blue stripes, and even red shirts.^[123] This indefinition in the equipment was only solved in 1909, when through the initiative of Monteiro da Costa, Porto stipulated in its first statutes that the players had to use "a shirt with blue vertical stripes, black shorts, and personal footwear" as the club's uniform, at every training and match.^[124] Some argued that the kit should have included the city colours, green and white.^[123] Monteiro da Costa, however, defended the blue-and-white combination because he believed the colors "should be those of the country's flag, and not of the city's flag", hoping that the club would "not only defend the good name of the city, but also that of Portugal, in sporting feuds against foreigners."^[11]

In 1975, Adidas became the first sports apparel manufacturers to provide kits for the club.^[116] Eight years later, Porto became the first Portuguese team to have a shirt partner, after signing a sponsorship deal with Revigrés for 10 million escudos per year.^[117] This deal lasted for 20 years, with successive renovations, after which the national communications corporation Portugal Telecom (PT) became the new shirt sponsors. Still, Revigrés remain as one of the club's main partners and longest-serving collaborators.^[125]

Grounds

The old Campo da Constituição ground houses the Vitalis Park, the club's youth training camp.

The club's first ground was the Campo da Rainha (Queen's Field), inaugurated in 1906 with an exhibition game against Boavista. The site was located near the residence of Monteiro da Costa and was the property of the city's horticultural society. Aided by his father, a horticultor by profession, Monteiro da Costa rented a portion (30 by 50 meters) of uncultivated terrain to create the first dedicated football pitch in the country. Later that year, the society's vivaria were transferred to another location, allowing Porto to increase the pitch area to match the sport's official dimensions.^[126] The ground had capacity for 600 people, including a VIP tribune, and possessed a changing room equipped with showers and sinks, a bar and a gym. The first match between Porto and a foreign team took place at the Campo da Raínha, on 15 December 1907, when the hosts played Spanish side Real Fortuna.^[127]

By 1911, the Campo da Raínha was becoming too small for the growing attendances. After being notified about the sale of the ground for construction of a factory, the club searched for a new ground and rented a terrain near the Constituição street for an annual fee of 350$00.^[128] The Campo da Constituição (Constitution Field) was opened in January 1913 with a match against Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club and hosted Porto's home matches for the regional championship. Eventually, the larger capacity of this ground also became insufficient for the ever-increasing crowds attending the games, particularly against high-profile opponents.^[129] On several occasions, between the 1920s and 1940s, Porto played host to matches at the Campo do Ameal (Ameal Field) or the Estádio do Lima (Lima Stadium), home of local rivals Sport Progresso and Académico, respectively.^[130] It was in the latter ground that the club achieved their most important victory at the time, as they beat English champions Arsenal 3–2 in a friendly match on 7 May 1948.^[30][131]

Estádio do Dragão during a UEFA Champions League match

In 1933, Porto approved a plan to build a new stadium to accommodate and meet the demands of larger attendances, but the project only moved forward with the purchase of 48,000 square metres (12 acres) of land in the eastern side of the city in 1947.^[132] Designed by Portuguese architects Oldemiro Carneiro and Aires de Sá,^[133] the construction of the Estádio do Futebol Clube do Porto – better known as Estádio das Antas (Antas Stadium) for the neighbourhood where it was built – began in January 1950, one month after the first stone was symbolically laid. Two years later, on 28 May 1952, the stadium was inaugurated with a ceremony, featuring the presence of the President of the Republic Francisco Craveiro Lopes,^[132] and a match against Benfica, which Porto lost 2–8.^[134] The stadium's initial layout had an open east sector (Marathon Door), which was closed in 1976 with the construction of a two-tier stand that raised the capacity to 70,000.^[135] In 1986, works to lower the pitch and build an additional tier in the place of the athletics and cycling track were concluded, setting the capacity to a new maximum of 95,000. As stadium safety regulations became stricter during the following decade, the placing of individual seats brought the capacity of the Estádio das Antas down to 55,000 by 1997.^[136]

The awarding of the UEFA Euro 2004 hosting rights to Portugal in 1999 was the perfect opportunity for Porto to move into a more modern, functional and comfortable stadium, in line with the demands of high-level international football. The club decided to build an entirely new ground and chose a site located a few hundreds of meters southeast of the Estádio das Antas. The project was commissioned to Portuguese architect Manuel Salgado,^[137] and construction took two years to complete at a cost of €98 million. Baptised Estádio do Dragão (Dragon Stadium) by president Pinto da Costa, for the mythological creature placed atop the club's crest, it was officially inaugurated on 16 November 2003 with a match against Barcelona. Porto won 2–0 in front of a record 52,000 spectators, which also witnessed the professional debut of Lionel Messi. In June 2004, the venue hosted the opening ceremony and match of the UEFA Euro 2004, and four other tournament matches.^[138] The highest attendance in an official match was registered on 21 April 2004, when 50,818 people saw Porto draw Deportivo La Coruña without goals, for the first leg of the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League semi-finals.^[139] For safety reasons, its current capacity is limited to 50,431.^[137]

Museum

The FC Porto Museum was inaugurated on 28 September 2013, on occasion of the club's 120th anniversary. The museum includes an auditorium, a club store, a coffeehouse, and spaces for educational services and temporary exhibitions.

Rivalries

Porto's biggest rivalries are with the other Big Three members and regular league title contenders, Benfica and Sporting CP. They stem from the historical, political, economical and cultural clash between the cities of Porto and Lisbon, where the other two clubs are based.^[140][141] These rivalries became more intense in the past decades, particularly since Pinto da Costa assumed Porto's presidency in 1982 and adopted a regionalistic and confrontational speech towards Lisbon.^[142] In the following years, the club began establishing its dominance in Portuguese football, at the expense of Benfica and Sporting, who had been the traditional powers since the 1940s.^[140]

The rivalry with Benfica is the strongest and most passionate, opposing the most representative football emblems from each city as well as the current most titled Portuguese clubs. The first match between Porto and Benfica – traditionally referred to as O Clássico (The Classic)^[143][144] – took place on 28 April 1912, and ended with a 2–8 win for Benfica; Porto's first victory (3–2) came only in 1920.^[140] As of the end of the 2014–15 season, the clubs have faced each other in 232 competitive matches, which have resulted in 89 wins for Porto, 86 for Benfica and 57 draws.^[145]

The first meeting between Porto and Sporting CP occurred on 30 November 1919, during a friendly tournament organised by Porto.^[146] Their first official encounter was in the first leg of the final of the inaugural Campeonato de Portugal in 1922, which Porto won 2–1 en route to its first national title.^[141] Since then, the clubs have met in a total of 221 official matches, with 80 wins for Porto, 78 for Sporting CP and 63 draws.^[147]

The club also has a strong rivalry with city rivals Boavista F.C.,^[148] sometimes called O Derby da Invicta.

Records and statistics

Radamel Falcao holds the club record for top goalscorer in European competitions.

Former defender João Pinto holds the record for most matches played in all competitions (587) and in the Primeira Liga (407), while former goalkeeper Vitor Baía has the most appearances in international competitions (99).^[149][8] Baía is also the most titled player, having won 25 trophies during his career in Porto.^[150] Portuguese striker Fernando Gomes is the all-time club goalscorer in all competitions (352), having also scored the most league goals (288).^[151] In European competitions, Porto's record goalscorer is Radamel Falcao, with 22 goals.^[8]

José Maria Pedroto is the longest-serving coach, having taken charge of the team for 327 matches in a total of nine seasons,^[152][153] while Jesualdo Ferreira became the first Portuguese coach to win three consecutive league titles (2006–2009).^[154]André Villas-Boas's victorious campaign in the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League made him the youngest coach ever to win a European competition.^[155]

The 2010–11 season was particularly strong in record achievements. Porto played the most matches (58) and secured the most wins (49) and highest winning percentage (84.4%).^[156] For the league, it had the most consecutive wins (16) and suffered the fewest defeats (none).^[157] In Europe, the club won the most matches (14 in 17) and scored the most goals (44) en route to the UEFA Europa League title – one of a record-matching four.^[158]

Recent seasons

Below are listed the club's performances in latest 10 seasons.

Honours

As of the end of the 2017–18 season, Porto have a total of 76 major trophies in senior football. Domestically, they have won 69 titles, including 28 Primeira Liga, 16 Taça de Portugal, 4 Campeonato de Portugal (a record shared with Sporting CP), and a record 21 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. Porto is the most decorated Portuguese team in international competitions, having won 2 European Cup/UEFA Champions League, 2 UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, 1 UEFA Super Cup and 2 Intercontinental Cup trophies. In addition, it is the only team from its country to have won the UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, the UEFA Super Cup or the Intercontinental Cup.^[159]

Porto have won four titles in a single season on two occasions: in 1987–88 (UEFA Super Cup, Intercontinental Cup, Primeira Liga and Taça de Portugal) and in 2010–11 (Supertaça, Primeira Liga, UEFA Europa League and Taça de Portugal). The latter also included the club's second continental treble, after the one achieved in 2002–03 (Primeira Liga, Taça de Portugal and UEFA Cup). The club also reached the Cup Winners' Cup final in 1983–84 (losing to Juventus) and three presences in the UEFA Super Cup (2003, 2004 and 2011).

Domestic

• Primeira Liga

Winners (28): 1934–35, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1955–56, 1958–59, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2017–18

• Taça de Portugal

Winners (16): 1955–56, 1957–58, 1967–68, 1976–77, 1983–84, 1987–88, 1990–91, 1993–94, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11

• Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira

Winners (21) – record: 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2018

• Campeonato de Portugal

Winners (4) – shared record: 1921–22, 1924–25, 1931–32, 1936–37

European

• European Cup / UEFA Champions League

Winners (2): 1986–87, 2003–04

• UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League

Winners (2): 2002–03, 2010–11

• UEFA Super Cup

Winners (1): 1987

International

• Intercontinental Cup

Winners (2): 1987, 2004

Players

Current squad

As of 31 August 2018^[160]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player 1 GK Iker Casillas 2 DF Maxi Pereira 3 DF Éder Militão 4 DF Diogo Leite 6 MF Bruno Costa 8 FW Yacine Brahimi 9 FW Vincent Aboubakar 10 MF Óliver Torres 11 FW Moussa Marega 13 DF Alex Telles 16 MF Héctor Herrera (captain) 17 FW Jesús Corona

No. Position Player 18 DF Jorge (on loan from Monaco) 19 DF Chancel Mbemba 20 FW Adrián López 21 FW André Pereira 22 MF Danilo Pereira 24 MF Riechedly Bazoer (on loan from Wolfsburg) 25 MF Otávio 27 MF Sérgio Oliveira 28 DF Felipe 29 FW Francisco Soares 31 GK Diogo Costa 40 GK Fabiano

On loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player — GK João Costa (at Cartagena until 30 June 2019) — GK José Sá (at Olympiacos until 30 June 2019) — DF Jorge Fernandes (at Tondela until 30 June 2019) — DF Saidy Janko (at Nottingham Forest until 30 June 2019) — DF Yordan Osorio (at Vitória Guimarães until 30 June 2019) — MF Ewerton (at Portimonense until 30 June 2019)

No. Position Player — MF Juan Quintero (at River Plate until 31 December 2018) — MF Mikel Agu (at Vitória Setúbal until 30 June 2019) — FW Galeno (at Rio Ave until 30 June 2019) — FW Kelvin (at Vasco da Gama until 31 December 2018) — FW Majeed Waris (at Nantes until 30 June 2019) — FW Walter (at CSA until 31 December 2018)

Personnel

Technical staff

Position	Staff
Head coach	Sérgio Conceição
Assistant coach	Siramana Dembélé
Goalkeeping coach	Diamantino Figueiredo
Fitness coach	Vítor Bruno
Physiologist	Eduardo Oliveira

Management

Organisation

After going public in 1997, Porto created several satellite companies:

• 
  FC Porto – youth football, basketball, handball, roller hockey, athletics, club's magazine, etc.


• 
  FC Porto – Futebol SAD (professional football company); SAD stands for Sociedade Anónima Desportiva
  


• 
  Porto Estádio (stadium management)


• 
  Porto Multimédia (official site and multimedia products)


• 
  Porto Comercial (merchandising)


• 
  Porto Seguro (insurance)

The FCPorto SAD is listed in the Euronext Lisbon stock exchange.

Media

Porto Canal is a television channel owned and operated by Porto, which broadcasts generalist, regional, and club-related content through cable, satellite and IPTV. The channel's programming includes live transmission of the home matches of the reserve and youth football teams, as well as of the senior basketball, handball and roller hockey teams. Founded in 2006, the channel began a managing partnership with Porto in 2011,^[161] and on 17 July 2015 was fully purchased and integrated into the club.^[162][163]

The club also issues Dragões, an official monthly magazine that publishes articles and interviews of the teams, players and other club-related content and a daily newsletter called Dragões Diário.^[164][165]

Other sports

Active sections
Sports	Basketball	Billiards	Boxing	Cycling	Handball	Roller hockey	Swimming
Adapted sports[g]	Basketball	Boccia	Futsal	Football 7	Goalball	Swimming	Table tennis
Extinct sections
Artistic skating	Athletics	Beach soccer	Car racing	Chess	Field hockey	Gymnastics	Karate
Rugby	Shooting	Sport fishing	Table tennis	Tennis	Volleyball	Water polo	Weightlifting

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

• 
  Bandeira, João Pedro (2012). Bíblia do FC Porto (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Prime Books. ISBN 9789896550943.
  


• 
  Tovar, Rui (2011). Almanaque do FC Porto 1893–2011 (in Portuguese). Alfragide: Caderno. ISBN 9789892315430.
  

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to F.C. Porto.

• 
  Official website (Portuguese and English)


• 
  Club page at Primeira Liga (Portuguese)


• 
  Club page at UEFA