Maranao language




Not to be confused with Melanau language.



















































Maranao
Mëranaw
Pronunciation
[ˈmәranaw]
Native to Philippines
Region
Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur
Ethnicity Maranao people
Native speakers
 (780,000 cited 1990 census)[1]
Language family

Austronesian

  • Malayo-Polynesian

    • Philippine

      • Greater Central Philippine

        • Danao
          • Maranao
Writing system
Latin;
Historically written in Arabic
Official status
Official language in
Regional language in the Philippines
Regulated by Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Language codes
ISO 639-3 mrw
Glottolog
mara1404[2]

Maranao language map.png
Area where Maranao is spoken


Maranao (Mëranaw [ˈmәranaw])[3] is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur in the Philippines, and in Sabah, Malaysia.


Iranun was once considered a dialect.


Unique among other Danao languages, Maranaoan is spoken with a distinct downstep accent, as opposed to stress accent.




Contents






  • 1 Distribution


  • 2 Orthography


  • 3 Phonology


    • 3.1 Vowels


    • 3.2 Consonants


      • 3.2.1 Velar fricative [h]


      • 3.2.2 Consonant elongation






  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





Distribution


Maranao is spoken in the following areas (Ethnologue).



  • Lanao del Sur

  • Lanao del Norte

  • northwestern Maguindanao

  • northwestern Cotabato

  • northwestern Bukidnon



Orthography


Maranaoan was historically written in Arabic letters, which were known as Batang Arab. It is now written with Latin letters.[4] Though there is no officially proclaimed standard orthography, Maranao is more or less written phonetically as influenced by Filipino. The following are the letters used in writing out native words:


A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, NG, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y [5]


In representing the mid central vowel (or schwa) /ə/, different authors have employed various means to represent this sound (e.g. "E" or "U").[6] "Ë" may also be used as recommend by the Komisyong ng Wikang Filipino's Ortograpiyang Pambansa of 2013.


In 1996, McKaughan and Macaraya, in their revised Maranao dictionary, the digraph "ae" was introduced and used to represent the supposed presence of the vowel /ɨ/.


Double vowels are pronounced separately. For example, "kapaar" is pronounced as /kapaʔaɾ/.


In some older orthographies, "q" is used for the glottal stop regardless of position,[7] while in others an apostrophe is used. Outside of linguistic literature, the glottal stop, regardless of position, is not marked in contemporary spelling.


The final /w/ sound in diphthongs and "W" were marked with "-o" in older orthographies, as in other Philippine languages, but both are nowadays spelled as "W". Also, "i" was used in older orthographies to transcribe /j/, which is currently spelled as "Y".


"H" is only used for Malay loanwords[4], and "sh" (pronounced as /ʃ/) is used for Arabic loanwords and names such as "Ishak" (Isaac)[7].


"Di" or "j" are used to transcribe the /d͡ʒ/ sound, such as "radia/raja" (from the Sanskrit word for "king", "Rāja") or the English name "John"[7].



Phonology


Below is the sound system of Maranao including underlying phonetic features.[6]



Vowels

Front
 Central
 Back
Close
ɪ

u
Mid

ə
o
Open

a


Consonants


According to Lobel (2013), Maranao has the following consonants:[6]


Bilabial
Dental
Alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Glottal

Nasal
m

n

ŋ

Stop
 Voiceless
p

t

k
ʔ
Heavy
p'

t'

k'
Voiced
b

d

ɡ

Fricative



s


Heavy


s'

(h)

Flap


ɾ



Lateral


l



Approximant
w


j



Velar fricative [h]


According to Lobel (2013), [h] only occurs in a select number of Malay loanwords:[6]




  • tohan 'God'


  • tahon 'astrological sign'


  • hadapan 'in front (of God)'



Consonant elongation


Consonants are also pronounced longer if preceded with a schwa /ə/. However, this process is not a form of gemination since consonant elongation in Maranao is not distinctive as seen in other Philippine languages such as Ilokano and Ibanag. Some of these are:




  • tëpad [təpːad] 'get off a vehicle'


  • tëkaw [təkːaw] 'startled; surprised'


  • Mëranaw is spoken by the Maranao tribe.


  • Solutan [solutːan] (Sultan of Gandamatu) Sultan sa Gandamatu.


Since 2009, it has been proposed that previous studies on the phonology of Maranao had overlooked the presence of "heavy" consonants.[8][9][6] These four "heavy" consonants being / p’ t’ k’ s’/.



See also


  • Languages of the Philippines


References





  1. ^ Maranao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)


  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Maranao". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ "Ortograpiyang Pambansa" (PDF). Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2013-08-28.


  4. ^ ab "Maranao language and alphabet". Omniglot. Retrieved 2018-09-23.


  5. ^ Rubino, Carl. "Maranao". iloko.tripod.com.


  6. ^ abcde Lobel, Jason William (2013). Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction (PDF) (Ph.D. dissertation thesis). Manoa: University of Hawaii at Manoa.


  7. ^ abc McKaughan, Howard P.; Macaraya, Batua A. (1967). A Maranao Dictionary (PDF). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.


  8. ^ Lobel, Jason William; Riwarung, Labi Hadji Sarip (2009). "Maranao Revisited: An Overlooked Consonant Contrast and its Implications for Lexicography and Grammar". Oceanic Linguistics. 48 (2): 403–438.


  9. ^ Lobe, Jason William; Riwarung, Labi Hadji Sarip (2011). "Maranao: A preliminary phonological sketch with supporting audio". Language Documentation & Conservation. 5: 31–59.




External links




  • Bansa.org, Maranao Dictionary

  • The files for a Maranao lexical database with English glosses are archived with Kaipuleohone








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