Supreme Court of New Jersey
| Supreme Court of New Jersey | |
|---|---|
 Seal of the Supreme Court | |
| Established | 1947 in current form |
| Location | Richard J. Hughes Justice Complex, Trenton, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Composition method | Executive appointment with legislative confirmation |
| Authorized by | New Jersey State Constitution |
| Decisions are appealed to | Supreme Court of the United States (on questions of federal constitutional or statutory law only) |
| Judge term length | 7 years, then until 70 years age |
No. of positions | 7 |
| Website | Official website |
| Chief Justice | |
| Currently | Stuart Rabner |
| Since | June 29, 2007 |
| Lead position ends | June 30, 2030 (mandatory retirement) |
Richard J. Hughes Justice Complex, seat of the court.
The Supreme Court of New Jersey is the highest court in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, the Supreme Court of New Jersey is the final judicial authority on all cases in the state court system, including cases challenging the validity of state laws under the state constitution; has sole authority to prescribe and amend court rules and regulate the practice of law; and is the arbiter and overseer of the decennial legislative redistricting. One of its former members, William J. Brennan, Jr., became an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
It has existed in three different forms under the three different state constitutions since the independence of the state in 1776. As currently constituted, the court replaced the prior New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals, which had been the highest court created under the Constitution of 1844.[1] Now, the Supreme Court hears appeals from the Appellate Division and, on rare occasions, directly by order of the Court from other cases within the judicial and administrative system.[2]
Contents
1 Previous compositions
1.1 Under the 1776 constitution
2 Configuration
2.1 Political functions
2.2 Appointment, composition, and life on the bench
2.2.1 Current membership
2.2.2 Former justices
3 Important cases
3.1 Constitutional law
3.2 Individual rights
3.3 Social and political cases
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Previous compositions
Until the Constitution of 1947, the Supreme Court was an intermediate court. Under the two previous New Jersey state constitutions (1776 and 1844), the phrase "Supreme Court" referred to a lower court, similar to the New York Supreme Court. Both the "supreme court" and the actual highest court were composed in a radically different manner from that of the current supreme court or its inferior courts.
Under the 1776 constitution
Under the colonial constitution of 1776 the upper house of the legislature (which was styled the Legislative Council) along with the governor was to be "the Court of Appeals", defined as the court of last resort,[3] similar to the Law Lords of Great Britain. A separate "Supreme Court" was also mentioned, but no indication of its duties was given, only term limits of its judges (7 years).[4] As time progressed and political philosophies changed, people took issue with numerous parts of the original constitution: It was hastily thrown together, used property qualifications for enfranchisement, contained scant guarantees of freedoms, was unamendable, and freely intermingled the three branches of government.[5]
Configuration
The official Seal of the Supreme Court, as included in certificates granted to attorneys approved by the Board of Attorney Certification in one of several specialist areas.[2]
Under the current (1947 and amended) constitution, the highest court in the state is the Supreme Court.[6] It does not have original jurisdiction, hearing appeals,[7] regulating the state's court system,[8] and regulating the legal profession within the state.[9]
Normally, an appeal from one of the trial divisions of the New Jersey Superior Court goes to the Appellate Division of that court. Thereafter, it may be brought before the Supreme Court if a statute provides that the case may go to that court, or if it meets one or more of the following five requirements:[10]
- as of right if the case involves a question of constitutionality;[11]
- as of right if an Appellate Division judge dissented from that court's ruling;[12]
- formerly, as of right if the case involved capital punishment (now abolished in New Jersey);[13]
- at the Supreme Court's discretion, when the Supreme Court grants certification;[14] or
- by operation of law if the case involves the drawing of political boundaries (see below).
In practice, appeal to the Supreme Court as of right is rare, and the Supreme Court primarily hears cases on certification.[3]
Political functions
The court serves as a de facto tie-breaker in case the twelve-member New Jersey Redistricting Commission fails to come to an agreement on who the 13th independent tie-breaking member will be, following the decennial United States Census. If the commission reports ("certifies") to the court that it is evenly divided, the commission may nominate two people to become an independent 13th member. The court appoints the one deemed "more qualified," who will then break the tie.[15]
If the Commission still cannot reach a 7–6 majority in favor of a final redistricting configuration, the two district plans receiving the greatest number of votes, but not fewer than five votes, are submitted to the Supreme Court, which selects and certifies whichever of the two plans so submitted conforms most closely to the requirements of the Constitution and laws of the United States.[16]
In the case of the Apportionment Commission for state legislative districts, the Chief Justice alone gets to pick the final 11th member of the Commission.[17] The court also acts as final arbiter of the inability or absence of the Governor or Lieutenant Governor, following a declaration by the Legislature.[18] As in federal impeachment trials, in case of impeachment of the Governor, the Chief Justice presides.[19]
Appointment, composition, and life on the bench
The Governor nominates all Justices to the Court but may choose only from among those lawyers admitted to the New Jersey bar for at least ten years.[20] Following seven days of public notice, nominees are put before the Senate for "advice and consent".
[21] Once appointed after State Senate confirmation, justices (and all state judges in New Jersey) serve for an initial term of seven years. After their initial term, the Governor may choose to nominate them for tenure, sending the nomination for tenure to the State Senate, which must again decide whether or not to grant advice and consent. Judges confirmed to a tenured position on the Court serve until they die, resign, retire or are retired, are impeached and removed, or reach the age of 70, at which point they are automatically retired. The Court consists of seven justices, one of whom serves as the Chief Justice. The Chief Justice may select judges from the Superior Court, senior in service, to serve temporarily on the Supreme Court when he determines it necessary to fill a vacancy.[22]
The salary of the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court is $192,795 while the salary of each Associate Justice is $185,482. Once in office, the salary of judges may not be decreased. While sitting on the bench, judges are not permitted to practice law or earn money from any other source.[23]
A majority of the General Assembly may pass articles of impeachment against a Justice, which the Senate will then try. Only a two-thirds majority will convict,[24] and the Senate may punish a convicted Justice with only removal from office and prohibition on holding future office.[25] After a Justice has been impeached by the General Assembly—but before the Senate renders a verdict on the charges—the Justice may not exercise any official function.[26] By virtue of accepting a position in the Executive or Legislative branches of government or becoming a candidate for political office, a Justice is considered as resigned from the bench.[27]
Should a Justice or Judge become "incapacitated" to the point at which they can no longer continue in office, the Court as a whole may notify the governor. The governor then appoints a three-member commission and, depending on their decision, may force them to retire.[28]
Current membership
By tradition, a partisan balance is maintained on the Supreme Court, with the sitting governor permitted to arrange his appointments so that his party has a one-seat advantage.[29]
The tradition of partisan balance can influence the governor's selection of a Chief Justice, a fact most recently demonstrated in 2006 when Chief Justice Deborah Poritz, a Republican, reached the mandatory retirement age. To avoid appointing a Republican to the highest judicial position in the state, then-governor, Democrat Jon Corzine instead elevated Associate Justice James R. Zazzali, a Democrat, to the chief justice position and appointed a Republican to fill the seat Zazzali had occupied. When Zazzali reached the age of 70 less than a year later, Corzine was able to nominate a Democrat, then-Attorney General and former federal prosecutor Stuart Rabner, to serve as Chief Justice. The state Senate confirmed Rabner on June 21, 2007, and he was sworn in as Chief Justice eight days later.[4]
Traditionally in New Jersey, the governor re-submits for tenure the Justices whose initial terms have expired, and then-Governor Corzine followed this tradition with his re-appointments of Justices Long and LaVecchia. On May 15, 2009, then-Governor Corzine renominated Justice Albin, whose initial seven-year term would have expired on September 18, 2009.[5] Albin's re-appointment was cleared by the Senate on June 26, 2009.[6]
Then-Republican Governor Chris Christie elected not to renominate Justice John E. Wallace, Jr. in May 2010 and instead nominated attorney Anne M. Patterson. After New Jersey Senate Majority Leader Stephen Sweeney refused to consider any nominee to Wallace's seat, Christie nominated Patterson to replace Justice Rivera-Soto who announced he would step down when his term expired in September 2011. The New Jersey Senate unanimously confirmed Patterson on June 28, 2011. She was sworn into a seat on the Court, replacing Rivera-Soto, on September 1, 2011.[7]
An impasse between then-Governor Christie and the Democratic State Senate resulted in longstanding vacancies, and the rejection or refusal to consider several Christie nominees. On May 21, 2014, a compromise was reported under which the Governor agreed to reappoint Chief Justice Rabner, and the Senate agreed to consider the nomination of Judge Lee Solomon, who is identified as Republican.[8]
In April 2016, then-Governor Christie announced his nomination of Democrat Walter Timpone to the Court's vacant seat.[9] He was sworn in May 2, 2016.[10][11] As Timpone was 65 at the time of his appointment in 2016, he will be required to retire when he turns 70 in 2020, well before he becomes eligible for tenure.
In May 2018, Governor Phil Murphy announced his intention to renominate Justice Anne Patterson for tenure.[12] Justice Patterson was reconfirmed by the Senate on July 26, 2018.[13]
| Name | Sworn in | Term expiration | Mandatory retirement | Appointing governor | Party membership | Law school |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chief Justice Stuart Rabner | 29 June 2007 | None – Tenured | June 30, 2030 | Jon Corzine, Democrat | Democratic[30] | Harvard Law School |
Jaynee LaVecchia | February 1, 2000 | None – Tenured | October 9, 2024 | Christine Todd Whitman, Republican | Independent[31] | Rutgers School of Law-Newark |
Barry T. Albin | September 18, 2002 | None – Tenured | July 7, 2022 | Jim McGreevey, Democrat | Democratic[32] | Cornell Law School |
Anne M. Patterson | September 1, 2011 | None – Tenured | April 15, 2029 | Chris Christie, Republican | Republican[33] | Cornell Law School |
Faustino J. Fernandez-Vina | November 19, 2013 | November 19, 2020 | February 15, 2022 | Chris Christie, Republican | Republican[34] | Rutgers School of Law-Camden |
Lee Solomon | June 19, 2014 | June 19, 2021 | August 17, 2024 | Chris Christie, Republican | Republican[35] | Widener University School of Law |
Walter F. Timpone | May 2, 2016 | N/A | November 10, 2020 | Chris Christie, Republican | Democratic | Seton Hall University School of Law |
Former justices
Important cases
Constitutional law
David Brearley, author of the precedent setting Holmes v. Walton
The principle of judicial review in New Jersey was the result of then Chief Justice David Brearley's opinion in Holmes v. Walton (1780[36] or 1779[37]). While the case was decided against the plaintiff, the court's consideration of the matter asserted its ability to determine constitutionality.[38][39] This was followed up by the federal Supreme Court's case of Marbury v. Madison.
In State v. Post and State v. Van Beuren 20 N.J.L. 368, decided together, the constitutionality of slavery in the state was challenged on the grounds that the first article of the first section of the newly passed (1844) state constitution ("All men are by nature free and independent...") precluded it. The court by two to one (with one absence), rejected this stating that "the constitution has not ... abolished slavery."[40] Slavery was abolished nationwide by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865.
Individual rights
The Court has delivered many cases concerning the rights of individuals, in many cases reading them expansively:
In 1966 Clover Hill Swimming Club, Inc. v. Robert F. Goldsboro and Division on Civil Rights (47 N.J. 25; 219 A.2d 161; 1966 N.J. LEXIS 180) the court ruled against the club, which had denied membership to an African-American. The club claimed that as a private organization it could choose its own membership although it had placed advertisements in local newspapers and magazines.
In State ex rel. T. L. O., 463 A. 2d 934 (1983) the court decided, against two lower courts, that a search of a student's purse without a warrant was unreasonable. This was appealed as New Jersey v. T. L. O. 469 U.S. 325 (1985) wherein the United States Supreme Court ruled that students and minors have a lower expectation of privacy, saying in its noted ruling that "school officials need not obtain a warrant before searching a student who is under their authority."[41]
In re Quinlan 355 A.2d 647 concerned the right to die of Karen Ann Quinlan, who was in a persistent vegetative state following prolonged respiratory failure. Her parents (and legal guardians) requested to have her ventilator removed, which the officials at the hospital refused to do. The court ultimately ruled in her parents favor. She continued to live without artificial respiration for several years afterwards.[42]
In 1988, the Court ruled in In re Baby M (537 A.2d 1227, 109 N.J. 396) that the surrogate mother of Baby M, despite previous rulings denying her custody, was entitled to visitation rights.[43]
In Desilets v. Clearview Regional Board of Education (647 A.2d. 150, 137 N.J. 585 (1994)), the Court ruled that Clearview did not violate students' free speech rights under the First Amendment or the New Jersey State Constitution.
Dale v. Boy Scouts of America (160 N.J. 562 (1999)) concerned the right of the Boy Scouts of America organization to expel a member for declaring himself to be homosexual. James Dale, the plaintiff, was a member of the organization for some years before he made his orientation public. Upon discovering this, the district BSA council revoked his membership. Dale sued for violating the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination, which the court unanimously agreed applied to the BSA. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000), a 5–4 decision.[44]Apprendi v. New Jersey, a later ruling, was also overruled.
In a 4–2 vote in 2000, the court struck down a law signed by Governor Christine Whitman requiring parental notification when abortions were performed on minor children. The court held that the privacy rights of the minors were paramount and were guaranteed by New Jersey's state constitution.[14]
The court's 2006 decision in Caballero v. Martinez concerned an illegal immigrant, Victor Manuel Caballero, who was injured during an accident while riding in an uninsured vehicle driven by an unlicensed person. The Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund, set up to cover injuries by uninsured drivers, refused to compensate him as he wasn't a legal resident. The Court on hearing his case overruled two lower courts and declared Caballero to be entitled to compensation from the fund, stating that "a person may be a 'resident' even if the intent to remain ultimately is not realized". Previously an individual who had lived five months with relatives was not a resident with respect to the Fund.[45][46]
In 2006, the Court decided in Lewis v. Harris that the legislature must change state law, within 180 days, to afford equal protection to same-sex couples, via marriage, or an identical substitute, such as civil unions. The New Jersey Legislature responded by enacting civil unions.[47] This case was the basis for a New Jersey Superior Court ruling that led to the legalization of same-sex marriage in New Jersey in Garden State Equality v. Dow.
Social and political cases
In Abbott v. Burke (1981), or Abbott I, which was filed on behalf of students of the most depressed school districts. The Court decided that a single test must be applied statewide to determine if students were getting the constitutionally mandated education. Also, the Abbott districts are given state aid to match the operating budget of the richer districts.[48] Since then there have been seven "Abbott cases", many of which ended with the court finding the New Jersey Legislature's latest educational acts unconstitutional.[49][50]
In 1975 and 1983, two cases, both named Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P. v. Mount Laurel Township, were decided by the Court. The Constitution was interpreted to require that zoning authorities inclusionarily zone their land to create affordable housing, that the districts had to equally take on the required load of housing, and that exclusionary zoning was illegal.[51] These requirements are now commonly referred to as the Mount Laurel Doctrine.
In Democratic Party v. Samson (814 A.2d 1028) the Court allowed the state Democratic Party to change their candidate for the upcoming federal Senate race from Robert Torricelli to Frank Lautenberg despite the deadline having passed. In its opinion it cited previous cases before the Court, including one stating "Election laws are to be liberally construed", to decide that the change was in the interest of the electorate.[52][53][54]
State v. Kelly, 91 N.J. 178 (1984), is a Supreme Court case where the defendant, Gladys Kelly, was on trial for the murder of her husband, Ernest Kelly with a pair of scissors. The Supreme Court reversed the case for further trial after finding that expert testimony regarding the defense's submission, that Kelly suffered from battered woman syndrome, was incorrectly excluded as the syndrome was a proper subject for expert evidence despite being a new field.[55]
See also
- State v. Driver
References
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^ Jeffrey S. Mandel, New Jersey Appellate Practice (Gann Law Books), chapter 12:1-1
^ Jeffrey S. Mandel, New Jersey Appellate Practice (Gann Law Books), chapter 1:2-2
^ Michelle Hart Yeary, Practical Law: Additional Civil Appeals: New Jersey, Practical Law Litigation, June 21, 2017, available through Westlaw, W-000-1943
^ NJ.com; accessed February 27, 2014.
^ Hester, Tom (2009-05-15). "Corzine renominates Barry Albin to N.J. Supreme Court". NewJerseyNewsroom.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-06-27..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Fuchs, Mary (2009-06-26). "Justice Barry Albin wins lifetime job on N.J. Supreme Court". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
^ Anne Patterson sworn in to New Jersey Supreme Court, nj.com; September 2011; accessed May 19, 2014.
^ Christie-Sweeney compromise re Rabner, Solomon, articles.philly.com; May 22, 2014; accessed May 24, 2014.
^ [1], app.com; April 12, 2016; accessed April 19, 2016.
^ "Ceremonial Swearing-In for Justice Walter F. Timpone" (PDF) (Press release). NJ Judiciary. June 1, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
^ "Christie praises 'good friend' Timpone as new Supreme Court justice is sworn in". NJ.com. June 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
^ "Phil Murphy re-nominates Christie pick to N.J.'s top court". nj.com. NJ.com. June 1, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
^ "Justice Patterson reconfirmed for state high court". njtvonline.org. NJTV. July 26, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
^ New Jersey Supreme Court strikes down a law signed by Whitman requiring parental notification when abortions were performed on minor children, articles.orlandosentinel.com, August 16, 2000; accessed May 24, 2014.
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^ "Article IX". New Jersey Constitution of 1776. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article XII". New Jersey Constitution of 1776. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ New Jersey, a guide to its present and past; compiled and written by the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of New Jersey (PDF or DjVu). New York: The Viking Press. 1939. p. 64. Retrieved June 9, 2006.
^ "Article VI. Section 14". New Jersey Constitution of 1844. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI. Section 12, One". New Jersey Constitution of 1844. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI. Section 2, Two". New Jersey Constitution of 1844. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI. Section 2, Four". New Jersey Constitution of 1844. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VII. Section 2, One". New Jersey Constitution of 1844. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VII. Section 2, Four". New Jersey Constitution of 1844. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ Stuart Rabner. "[Speech by Stuart Rabner, C.J.]" (PDF). 60th Anniversary Celebration. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
^ "STATE OF NEW JERSEY CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1947 / COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY". N.J. Constitutional Convention: Vol. 4, Page 6. New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section II, 1". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section II, 2". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section II, 3". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section V, 1 (a)". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section V, 1 (b)". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section V, 1 (c)". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section V, 1 (d)". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section V, 1 (e)". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section VI, 2". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section VI, 1". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section V, 3". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article II– Elections and Suffrage, Section I, 1 (c)". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article II– Elections and Suffrage, Section I, 3". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article IV– Legislative, Section III, 2". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article V– Executive, Section I, 8". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VII– Public Officers and Employees, Section III, 2". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section VII, 1". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section VI, 6". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
^ "New Jersey Board of Attorney Certification". Retrieved July 31, 2009.
^ "Salary Rankings" (PDF). Survey of Judicial Salaries. National Center for State Courts. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2006. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
^ "Article VII– Public Officers and Employees, Section III, 2". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section VI, 4". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section VI, 7". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
^ "Article VI– Judicial, Section VI, 5". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
^ "Article VII– Public Officers and Employees, Section III, 3". New Jersey Constitution of 1947. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
^ "Same-sex marriage goes to top court". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved May 22, 2006.
^ "New Jersey Judicial Selection". American Judicature Society. Archived from the original on December 15, 2005. Retrieved June 6, 2006.
^ "New Jersey Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Dems Replacing 'Torch' on Ballot". Fox News. October 3, 2002. Retrieved June 5, 2006.
^ "Senate News". Capital Public Affairs, Inc. June 17, 2003. Archived from the original on November 12, 2003. Retrieved June 6, 2006.
^ "Guide to the Supreme Court". New Jersey Law Journal. Retrieved June 6, 2006.
^ Porteus, Liza (October 2, 2002). "N.J. High Court Ballot Decision Is Uncertain". Fox News. Retrieved June 6, 2006.
^ "Gov. Corzine To Name New Chief Justice". WCBS (AM). Archived from the original on November 11, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
^ "New Jersey Judicial Selection". American Judicature Society. Archived from the original on April 22, 2006. Retrieved June 6, 2006.
^ Steve Kornacki (April 2004). "McGreevey seeks to heal political rift with appointment of first Hispanic Justice". PoliticsNJ.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2006. Retrieved June 7, 2006.
^ "David Brearly, New Jersey". The Founding Fathers: New Jersey. NARA. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ New Jersey, a guide to its present and past; compiled and written by the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of New Jersey (PDF or DjVu). New York: The Viking Press. 1939. p. 55. Retrieved June 9, 2006.
^ Justices Nevius and Randolph. "THE STATE v. POST/THE STATE v. VAN BEUREN". Retrieved June 5, 2006.
^ New Jersey Department of Education. "Introduction To "Abbott" In New Jersey". Archived from the original on May 16, 2006. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "Research and Advocacy Collaboration: A New Jersey Case Study". Archived from the original on December 30, 2005. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ "School Financing/Abbott Decision". Archived from the original on 2006-04-27. Retrieved April 25, 2006.
^ New Jersey Department of Education. "Abbott v. Burke Decisions". Archived from the original on January 16, 2006. Retrieved April 23, 2006.
^ Robert Hanley (October 24, 1988). "Affordable Housing in Jersey Is Still an Elusive Goal". The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2006.
^ "NEW JERSEY v. T. L. O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985)". FindLaw. Retrieved April 25, 2006.
^ Chief Justice Hughes. "In re Quinlan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 26, 2006. Retrieved May 22, 2006.
^ Chief Justice Wilentz. "First Surrogacy Case – IN RE Baby M, 537 A.2d 1227, 109 N.J. 396 (N.J. 02/03/1988)". Retrieved May 26, 2006.
^ "James Dale v. Boy Scouts of America, and Monmouth Council, Boy Scouts of America". Rutgers School of Law. Retrieved June 5, 2006.
^ PBS NewsHour. "N.J. Supreme Court Rules to Allow Ballot Change". Retrieved May 22, 2006.
^ BBC (October 3, 2002). "US court allows late candidate switch". BBC News. Retrieved May 22, 2006.# ^ "The New Jersey Democratic Party, Inc., et al. v. Hon. David Samson, et al. (A-24-02)". Rutgers School of Law. Retrieved May 22, 2006.
^ "Court: Fund can pay medical bills for illegal aliens in accidents". AP via the Asbury Park Press. Retrieved May 22, 2005.
[dead link]
^ "Caballero v. Martinez (A-8-2005)". Rutgers School of Law. Retrieved May 22, 2006.
[dead link]
^ "Mark Lewis and Dennis Wilslow, et al. v. Gwendolyn L. Harris, etc, et al" (PDF). New Jersey Judiciary. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2006. Retrieved October 25, 2006.
^ Full text here "STATE of New Jersey, Plaintiff-Respondent v. Gladys KELLY, Defendant-Appellant", West Virginia State Web Portal
External links
Media related to Supreme Court of New Jersey at Wikimedia Commons
- The Court's official web site
- Writs of Certification granted
Coordinates: 40°12′49″N 74°45′51″W / 40.213604°N 74.764119°W / 40.213604; -74.764119
