守護代




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日語寫法
日語原文
守護代
假名
しゅごだい
平文式罗马字
shugodai

守護代是日本中世武家體制下，令制國「守護」的代理職（日語：代官）。在戰國時代「下剋上」（幕府權威衰落、武家上層體制喪失約束力）的背景下，許多守護大名家的重臣得以守護代名義攬權，實質掌控領國。



背景


在鎌倉、室町兩時代，各國守護常居於武家政權核心的幕府所在地（即鎌倉或京都室町），領國內的事務則委任代官執行，故有守護代一職。守護代多由譜代等世襲重臣擔任，他們可通過代行守護權限，將領國內的武士組織化，成為本身的權力基礎。


經過室町時代中期應仁之亂等武家上層內鬥後，守護代實質掌控領國的現象尤為普遍；進入15、16世紀之交的戰國亂世後，一些勢力穩固的守護代甚至轉型成為「戰國大名」。守護代出身的戰國大名包括：




  • 上杉氏家臣、越後守護代長尾氏


  • 斯波氏家臣、尾張守護代織田氏

  • 斯波氏家臣、越前守護代朝倉氏



註腳





相關條目



  • 戰國時代 (日本)

  • 室町幕府

  • 大名 (稱謂)

  • 武士 (日本)

  • 豪族








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