守護代

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日語寫法 |
日語原文 |
守護代
|
假名 |
しゅごだい
|
平文式罗马字 |
shugodai
|
守護代是日本中世武家體制下,令制國「守護」的代理職(日語:代官)。在戰國時代「下剋上」(幕府權威衰落、武家上層體制喪失約束力)的背景下,許多守護大名家的重臣得以守護代名義攬權,實質掌控領國。
背景
在鎌倉、室町兩時代,各國守護常居於武家政權核心的幕府所在地(即鎌倉或京都室町),領國內的事務則委任代官執行,故有守護代一職。守護代多由譜代等世襲重臣擔任,他們可通過代行守護權限,將領國內的武士組織化,成為本身的權力基礎。
經過室町時代中期應仁之亂等武家上層內鬥後,守護代實質掌控領國的現象尤為普遍;進入15、16世紀之交的戰國亂世後,一些勢力穩固的守護代甚至轉型成為「戰國大名」。守護代出身的戰國大名包括:
上杉氏家臣、越後守護代長尾氏
斯波氏家臣、尾張守護代織田氏
- 斯波氏家臣、越前守護代朝倉氏
註腳
相關條目
- 戰國時代 (日本)
- 室町幕府
- 大名 (稱謂)
- 武士 (日本)
- 豪族
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