粗野主义







聖地牙哥加州大學的圖書館





馬賽公寓


粗野主义又称蠻橫主義或粗獷主義，是建築流派的一種，可歸入现代主义建筑流派當中。主要流行的時間介於1953年到1967年之間，由功能主义發展而來。


其建筑特色，是从不修边幅的钢筋混凝土（或其它材料）的毛糙、沉重、粗野感中寻求形式上的出路。



歷史


這一詞彙最早由瑞典建築師漢斯·阿斯普隆德所起，以描述烏普薩拉的建築“Villa Göth”（1950年建成）。當時他所用的是瑞典語“nybrutalism”（新粗野主義），後來迈克尔·文特里斯等英格蘭建築師也埰用了這一名稱。其概念在英国的史密森夫妇（Alison & Peter Smithson）手上得到進一步發展[1][2]。建築評論家雷納·班海姆在1966年出版《The New Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetic?》一書，使得這個詞彙流傳開。[2]


勒·柯布西耶是粗野主义最著名的代表人物，代表作品有马赛公寓和印度昌迪加尔法院。这些建筑用当时还少见的混凝土预制板直接相接，没有修饰，预制板没有打磨，甚至包括安装模板的销钉痕迹也还在。


受“粗野主义”影响的还有英国的詹姆斯·斯特林爵士（莱汉姆住宅）、美国的保罗·鲁道夫（耶鲁大学建筑系馆）、美国的路易·康（李查醫學研究中心）、德国的哥特弗烈德·波姆、日本的前川国男（京都文化会馆、东京文化会馆）及其学生丹下健三（山梨县文化会馆）等人。



参考文献





  1. ^ Meades, Jonathan. The incredible hulks: Jonathan Meades' A-Z of brutalism. The Guardian. 13 February 2014 [11 March 2014]. 


  2. ^ 2.02.1 Golan 2003, p.3[永久失效連結].



  • Romy Golan, Historian of the Immediate Future: Reyner Banham – Book Review, The Art Bulletin June 2003, Retrieved 29 December 2014


外部連接






维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：粗野主义



  • BRUTALISM:ONLINE，記錄世界各地的粗野主義建築

  • "The incredible hulks: Jonathan Meades' A-Z of Brutalism"

  • From Here to Modernity

  • "Bunkers, Brutalism and Bloodymindedness" 2-part BBC Documentary

  • "Symbols in Transition" Documentary film regarding the post-89 handling of the political symbols and buildings of eastern Europe


  • "The New Brutalism" Brutalist, Rationalist, Modernist architectural photography[永久失效連結]

  • Ontario Architecture: Brutalism

  • Google Community "Architecture of Brutalism" – many current photographs and links















































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