满都海哈屯






满都海哈屯的纪念碑


满都海哈屯（蒙古语：.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian BT","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian BT","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian"}
ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ
ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ，中蒙通用转写：Manduxai xatun，西里尔字母：Мандухай хатан，1448年－1510年），又稱賢者滿都海（蒙古语：
ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ
ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ
ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ，鲍培转写：Manduqai Sečen qatun，西里尔字母：Мандухай сэцэн хатан）、滿都海皇后，出身綽羅斯氏，為满都鲁的妻子，後又嫁給达延汗。她是蒙古汗國復興的核心人物，盟旗制度的建立者。



生平


滿都海出生的地點有兩個說法，一是生於新疆南部哈密附近，另一個說法則是生於呼和浩特附近的土默特平原。出身綽羅斯氏，父親名為綽羅斯巴西特穆爾（Chorosbasi-Temur），曾任也先的丞相。


她的父親將她嫁給蒙古大汗满都鲁，成為他的第二位妻子。满都鲁死后，33歲的满都海夫人拥立满都鲁侄巴彦蒙克之子巴图孟克为大汗，就是达延汗。自己也改嫁给了7歲的姪孫达延汗。


达延汗年幼时，满都海被授予“彻辰”称号，摄政。杀死觊觎汗位的太师亦思马因，使汗庭重新团结。废除了自元帝國沿袭的太师、太尉、太傅、太保、少师、平章、知院等官职。恢复成吉思汗时代的济农、诺颜。1487年，16岁的达延汗开始亲政，满都海哈屯为达延汗养育了七个儿子：图鲁博罗特（察哈尔部的始祖）、乌鲁斯博罗特、巴尔斯博罗特（济农部、土默特部的始祖）、阿尔苏博罗特（多伦土默特部的始祖）、阿尔楚博罗特（巴林部、扎鲁特的始祖）、斡齐尔博罗特（克什克腾的始祖）、格哷博罗特。


蒙語哈屯即皇后的意思。



参考资料




  • 勒内·格鲁塞. 《草原帝国》. 


  • 班布尔汗. 《最后的可汗:蒙古帝国余晖》. 









规范控制


  • WorldCat Identities

  • FAST: 1761455

  • GND: 1058541617

  • LCCN: nr2002034152

  • VIAF: 4868010



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