Ptolemaida
Ptolemaida Πτολεμαΐδα | ||
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Aerial view of Ptolemaida | ||
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Ptolemaida Location within the regional unit | ||
Coordinates: 40°31′N 21°41′E / 40.517°N 21.683°E / 40.517; 21.683Coordinates: 40°31′N 21°41′E / 40.517°N 21.683°E / 40.517; 21.683 | ||
Country | Greece | |
Administrative region | West Macedonia | |
Regional unit | Kozani | |
Municipality | Eordaia | |
• Municipal unit | 217.901 km2 (84.132 sq mi) | |
Elevation | 600 m (2,000 ft) | |
Population (2011)[1] | ||
• Municipal unit | 37,289 | |
• Municipal unit density | 170/km2 (440/sq mi) | |
Community[1] | ||
• Population | 32,142 (2011) | |
• Area (km2) | 57.508 | |
Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) | |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) | |
Postal code | 502 00 | |
Area code(s) | 24630 | |
Vehicle registration | KZ | |
Website | www.ptolemaida.gr |
Ptolemaida (Greek: Πτολεμαΐδα, translit. Ptolemaïda, Katharevousa: Πτολεμαΐς, Ptolemaïs, before 1927: Καϊλάρια - Kailaria[2]) is a town and a former municipality in Kozani regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Eordaia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.[3] It is known for its coal (lignite) mines and its power stations.
Contents
1 Name
2 History
2.1 Neolithic times
2.2 Ancient period
2.3 Byzantine Period
2.4 Ottoman period
2.5 Modern period
3 Culture
4 Economy
5 Climate
6 Demographics
7 Geography
8 Friendship towns
9 People
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Name
During the Ottoman period, the city was named Kayılar, rendered into English as Kaïlar;[4] this name was retained in Greek as Kailaria (Καϊλάρια) until 1927.[2] Kailar refers to the Kayı tribe, the tribe of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. The modern name Ptolemaida was introduced by decree on January 20, 1927, honoring Ptolemy son of Lagus, a comrade-in-arms of Alexander the Great and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty, and his daughter Ptolemaïs, who are said to originate from that region.[5] His statue stands in the central square of the city.
History
According to archaeologists, the Ptolemaida region has been occupied since 6000 BC.[6]
Neolithic times
Archaeologists, in November 2005, discovered the remains of two farming villages dating back to the Neolithic period. A press report notes that such farming villages were trading centres and had a "developed knowledge of metalworking".[6]
A golden necklace dating to roughly 4500 BC was discovered on February 16, 2006.[6]Associated Press reporter Costas Kantouris describes the item as a "flat, roughly ring-shaped [which] probably had religious significance and would have been worn on a necklace by a prominent member of society."[6]
Lately in the lake Zazari near Ptolemaida there were found 16 houses that belong in the Neolithic era due to archaaeologists.
These houses were in the lake and were exposed because of the decreased water level of the lake.
That particular small settlement gives information about the society and the people in the Neolithic era.
Ancient period
In the area of Ptolemaida many archeological findings have occurred in the last 30 years due to mining operations.
Ceramic artifacts, dating to the 6th century BC have been found at two sites near Grevena and Ptolemaida.
Archaeologists found the artifacts at two prehistoric farming settlements.
Two Ancient Macedonian graves have also been found in the area of Ptolemaida, dated from the 5th century BC.
Byzantine Period
At various times, Ptolemaida was part of the Latin Empire, the Kingdom of Thessalonica, the Empire of Nicaea, and the Despotate of Epirus.[citation needed]
Ottoman period
During the Ottoman period, Ptolemaida was called Kayılar, and it had two parts: Aşağı Kayılar and Yukarı Kayılar. Aşağı Kayılar was Bektaşi[citation needed] and Yukarı Kayılar was Rufai,[citation needed] Hanefi.[citation needed]
Before 1360, large numbers of nomad shepherds, or Yörüks, from the district of Konya, in Asia Minor, had settled in Macedonia; their descendants were known as Konariotes.[4] Further immigration from this region took place from time to time up to the middle of the 18th century. After the establishment of the feudal system in 1397, many of the Seljuk noble families came over from Asia Minor; their descendants may be recognized among the Beys or Muslim landowners around Kayılar.[4] At the beginning of the 18th century, the Turkish population was quite considerable, but since that time until at least the early 20th century it continuously decreased.[4] A low birth rate, the exhaustion of the male population by military service, and a large mortality from epidemics brought about a decline which has lately been hastened by emigration.[4] The Turkish rural population around Kayılar was mainly composed of Konariot shepherds.[4] In the late 19th and early 20th century, Ptolemaida was part of the Manastir Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.
Modern period
Ptolemaida was taken by the Greek forces on October 15, 1912 during the First Balkan War.
Culture
Ptolemaida's football club is called "Eordaikos" (Greek: Εορδαϊκός). Other teams include AE Ptolemaidas. Ptolemaida has schools, lyceums, gymnasia, churches, banks, a post office, a train station (Kozani - Florina), a police station, a water tower, and squares (plateies). There is the potential of a university being established by the state in the near future. The Anthropological and Folklore Museum is based in the town.
Economy
Ptolemaida is a highly industrialized area. The four power plants in this area produce 70% of Greece's electrical power, using the large local deposits of lignite as fuel. The plants are owned by the Public Power Corporation (DEI), the major employer in the city. The plant was dedicated by the prime minister of Greece at that time, Constantine Karamanlis. The other two are in Amyntaio in Florina regional unit and in Agios Dimitrios.
Climate
The city, situated in the middle of the Eordaia plain of Western Macedonia, has a humid continental climate. Summers can be hot with thunderstorms in unsettled spells, whereas winters are among the coldest in Greece. It was here that the absolute low temperature record of Greece was recorded (−29.6 °C (−21 °F) on 27 January 1963). It was also the lowest in Europe for 1963.
Demographics
The current municipal unit of Ptolemaida is constituted by the city of Ptolemaida and 11 small communities. At the 2011 census, the population of the city was 32,142 residents. The total population of the municipality Eordaia in 2011 was 45,592 residents.
Year | Community | Municipal unit | Municipality |
---|---|---|---|
1940 | 7,719 | - | - |
1951 | 8,816 | - | - |
1961 | 12,747 | - | - |
1971 | 16,588 | - | - |
1981 | 22,109 | - | - |
1991 | 25,125 | 32,775 | - |
2001 | 30,017 | 36,393 | - |
2011[1] | 32,142 | 37,289 | 45,592 |
Geography
The city lies in the valley of Eordaia, between the Askio mountains to the southwest and the Vermio mountains to the northeast. It is located north of Kozani, east of Kastoria, south of Florina, and south-west of Edessa. The municipal unit has an area of 217.901 km2, the community (the city proper) has an area of 57.508 km2.[7]Motorway 27 (Kozani-Florina, part of E65) passes east of the city. Ptolemaida was the seat of the former province of Eordaia.
Friendship towns
Ptolemaida is twinned with:[8]
Enkomi, Cyprus
People
Pantelis Kapetanos, football player
Ieroklis Michailidis, actor
See also
- Battle of Ptolemaida
- List of settlements in the Kozani regional unit
References
^ abc "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ ab Name changes of settlements in Greece
^ Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior (in Greek)
^ abcdef Bourchier, James David (1911). "Macedonia". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 217.
^ "Ptolemaida Web Portal" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2011-07-09. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
^ abcd Kantouris, Costas (February 16, 2006). "Greek Hiker Finds 6,500-Year-Old Pendant". AP.
^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.
^ "Twinnings" (PDF). Athens: Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
External links
- Ptolemaida news
- Weather station of the National Observatory of Athens in Ptolemaida