Singularity

Multi tool use

關於大爆炸宇宙論的時空起點Singularity以及黑洞中心點Singularity,請參見奇點
Singularity Project
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 Singularity after boot-up.
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開發者 |
Microsoft
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穩定版本 |
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穩定版本 |
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许可协议 |
Microsoft Research License |
網站 |
Microsoft Research Singularity Project
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Singularity,一種實驗性操作系统,在2003年至2010年間由微软研究院設計、發展出來。该操作系统的核心、驅動程式以及应用程序都以「受控代碼」写成。系统“Singularity”在设计上完全改头换面,不再以其性能為標準,而以系統稳定性作为首要标准。[來源請求]
Singularity操作系统會在系统构建、編寫程式等应用微软最先进的技术,例如Singularity的核心技术之一:软件独立进程(Software Isolated Processes,SIP)将采用“Type-safe”编程语言以及精简的指令完成,保证系统運作之间的高度独立性。SIP保证每个程序、驅動程式以及系统扩展组件都在獨立的SIP内运行,並不允许互相共享内存或修改自身代码,能夠使系统的稳定性增強。
微软将會在近期公布更多Singularity的详细技术资料。
Singularity的低级x86中断以汇编语言和C语言写成。一旦这些代码完成工作,它将调用核心,核心的运行时代码和垃圾收集器用C♯语言写成并在非安全模式下运行。Singularity的硬件抽象层用C++语言写成并运行在安全模式下。并且也有部分C代码负责调试工作。计算机的BIOS只在16位元真實模式自举阶段被调用;一旦系统进入32位元模式,Singularity将永远不再调用BIOS,而改以调用以Sing♯写出的设备驱动代码。当安装时,CIL形态的opcode将藉由Bartok编译为x86形态的opcode。Bartok是一种以C#写成的早期优化编译器。
源代码和/或磁盘镜像将在工程完成时可用。
设计
Singularity是一个微内核操作系统;无论如何,不似过去的微内核,Singularity的不同组件不在单独的地址空间(进程)内运行,而是每個软件独立进程(SIP)分配到一个独立的单一地址空间。这些SIP的行为类似普通进程,但SIP将不会在任务调度时请求开销惩罚(overhead penalty)。系统的保护由不变式(invariants)集提供,比如内存不变式将维护内存内两个SIP间没有交互參照(或循环的内存指针)。这项规则将在应用程序安装阶段进行检查,并且不得违反,否则Singularity将禁止安装(注意:Singularity系统中安装完全由操作系统管理)。
大部分不变式依赖于带有安全机制语言的使用,如Java语言或C#,这些语言拥有垃圾收集机制,没有专断指针并且代码可以辑由某种计算机安全策略得以验证。
版本歷史
- 2007年:Singularity 1.0
- 2007年3月:Singularity 1.1
- 2008年12月14日:Singularity 2.0
参见
外部链接
- 官方主页
Singularity Design Motivation (pdf)[永久失效連結]
Detailed overview of the Singularity project (pdf)[永久失效連結]
- Channel9 thread, with interview of Jim Larus and Galen Hunt
The JX Operating System (pdf),another operating system similar in concept
微軟開發的操作系統
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桌面 |
Microsoft Windows
- MS-DOS
- MSX-DOS
- OS/2
- Xenix
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移動 |
- KIN OS
- 諾基亞Asha平臺
- Windows Mobile
- Windows Phone
- Zune
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主機 |
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項目 |
- Barrelfish
- HomeOS
- MIDAS
- Midori
- Singularity
- Verve
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