旧大陆






旧大陆（亚欧非大陆上的国家）


旧大陆是指在哥伦布发现新大陆之前，欧洲所认识的世界，包括欧洲、亚洲和非洲（全体被称为亚欧非大陆或世界岛。这个词语是用来與新大陆（包括北美，南美和大洋洲）相對應。



词源


在考古学和世界历史的範疇裡，“旧大陆”这个词包括世界上從青铜器时代開始有文化接触(間接接觸也算)，造成早期文明并行發展的地區（大多位于北緯25度至45度中間的溫帶地區)。这里的地点包括：地中海，美索不达米亚，波斯高原，印度和中国。这些地点都是被丝绸之路连起来，直到新海上航線的出現才改變。青铜器时代之后，这些地方都有很明显的铁器时代。铁器时代以后就有了轴心时代。再轴心时代的过程当中发生了文化，哲学和宗教的发育就引起文化领域能出现比如：西方（古希臘宗教，“经典”），东方（琐罗亚斯德教和亚伯拉罕）和远东（印度教，佛教，儒教，道教）。



历史


三洲（亚洲，欧洲和非洲）的概念可以追溯到古典时代.这三个洲的边界被托勒密下定为尼罗河和顿河。这个边界在中古时代和早现代对欧洲看世界有很大的影响。（参见“TO地圖”）



其他名字


亚欧非大陆（不包括英伦三岛、日本、马达加斯加和马来群岛）的昵称是世界岛。







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