大西洋颶風季

Multi tool use
熱帶氣旋系列的一部分 |
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氣候和追踪
洋盆 RSMCs 等級 觀測 預報 降雨預報 降雨氣候
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熱帶氣旋命名
熱帶氣旋命名 熱帶氣旋命名歷史 歷史悠久的熱帶氣旋名稱列表 退役大西洋颶風名稱列表 退役太平洋颶風名稱列表 退役太平洋颱風名稱列表 (1959-99·2000年起) 退役菲律賓颱風名稱列表 退役澳洲氣旋名稱列表 退役南太平洋氣旋名稱列表
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熱帶氣旋概述
熱帶氣旋主題
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1851年至2012年期間生成的所有大西洋熱帶氣旋路徑圖。
大西洋颶風季,夏、秋兩季,常見熱帶氣旋,有強弱之分,以最高持續風力量度。熱帶風暴,1分鐘內風速最少每秒17米;颶風則1分鐘內超過風速每秒33米。大多在6月1日至11月30日之間,北大西洋熱帶風暴和颶風形成。世界氣象組織指定, 美國國家颶風中心,為專事區域氣象之中心。該中心,專事監察熱帶氣旋之熱帶天氣系統,製備警報,地區遍及大西洋盆地。 [1]
日本氣象廳熱帶氣旋對照圖
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北西太平洋
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北東太平洋 大西洋
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南太平洋 印度洋(インド洋)
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颱風 "Typhoon" タイフーン
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颶風 "Hurricane" ハリケーン
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熱帶氣旋 "Cyclone" サイクロン
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一覧
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一覧
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一覧
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熱帶擾動,凡風速達到熱帶風暴者,皆取名於預製清單。為免誤會,颶風受災國可呈請,刪去先前所用颶風名。平均計算,每季5.9個風暴演變為颶風,2.5個風暴變做強勁颶風﹙三級或以上﹚。9月10日左右,此氣象最為厲害。[2]
對流層之深處附近,氣流帶動熱帶氣旋。對流層,自大氣層表面起計,高約12公里。颶風一橫過海洋,氣流就左右颶風路徑。前美國國家颶風中心主任尼爾·弗蘭克(Neil Frank),以“葉隨河流”或者以“磚隨氣動”比喻此狀。高壓系統附近,氣流移向低壓地方,支配颶風走向。
高壓系統,名為副熱帶高壓脊,常自東向西延伸,橫過副熱帶區。副熱帶高壓脊影響熱帶緯度之風,熱帶風暴和颶風稍向北靠,大致西移。副熱帶高壓脊表面南部,主要吹東風,即由東向西吹之風。一旦高空氣壓槽削弱副熱帶高壓脊,熱帶氣旋就可能向南北極吹,之後折回,或向東北折回,移進西風主帶。副熱帶高壓脊面向北極之地方,主要吹西風,西風牽動熱帶氣旋大致靠東走,走至北緯。西風帶來冷鋒和熱鋒,帶動溫帶氣旋自西東移。[3]
參考文獻
^ Severe Weather Information Centre http://severe.worldweather.wmo.int/rsmcs.html 2009-12-10查閱
^ Tropical Cyclone Climatology [1]、[2] 2009-12-10查閱(英文)
^ Why doesn't the South Atlantic Ocean experience tropical cyclones? [3]、[4] 2009-12-10查閱(英文)
JnoT2eD4Bjg1WFsRYW4Bv3tymTUoIWe,Uo4v52,SRMiZTbqg2xpfYwuLTKJnS
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