大西洋颶風季





















熱帶氣旋系列的一部分







熱帶氣旋概述（英语：Outline of tropical cyclones）
Weather-showers-scattered.svg熱帶氣旋主題

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1851年至2012年期間生成的所有大西洋熱帶氣旋路徑圖。


大西洋颶風季，夏、秋兩季，常見熱帶氣旋，有強弱之分，以最高持續風力量度。熱帶風暴，1分鐘內風速最少每秒17米；颶風則1分鐘內超過風速每秒33米。大多在6月1日至11月30日之間，北大西洋熱帶風暴和颶風形成。世界氣象組織指定， 美國國家颶風中心，為專事區域氣象之中心。該中心，專事監察熱帶氣旋之熱帶天氣系統，製備警報，地區遍及大西洋盆地。 [1]






















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日本氣象廳熱帶氣旋對照圖

各海域の熱帯低気圧の名称図

 北西太平洋
 北東太平洋
大西洋
南太平洋
印度洋（インド洋）

颱風
"Typhoon"
タイフーン
颶風
"Hurricane"
ハリケーン
熱帶氣旋
"Cyclone"
サイクロン

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熱帶擾動，凡風速達到熱帶風暴者，皆取名於預製清單。為免誤會，颶風受災國可呈請，刪去先前所用颶風名。平均計算，每季5.9個風暴演變為颶風，2.5個風暴變做強勁颶風﹙三級或以上﹚。9月10日左右，此氣象最為厲害。[2]


對流層之深處附近，氣流帶動熱帶氣旋。對流層，自大氣層表面起計，高約12公里。颶風一橫過海洋，氣流就左右颶風路徑。前美國國家颶風中心主任尼爾·弗蘭克（Neil Frank），以“葉隨河流”或者以“磚隨氣動”比喻此狀。高壓系統附近，氣流移向低壓地方，支配颶風走向。


高壓系統，名為副熱帶高壓脊，常自東向西延伸，橫過副熱帶區。副熱帶高壓脊影響熱帶緯度之風，熱帶風暴和颶風稍向北靠，大致西移。副熱帶高壓脊表面南部，主要吹東風，即由東向西吹之風。一旦高空氣壓槽削弱副熱帶高壓脊，熱帶氣旋就可能向南北極吹，之後折回，或向東北折回，移進西風主帶。副熱帶高壓脊面向北極之地方，主要吹西風，西風牽動熱帶氣旋大致靠東走，走至北緯。西風帶來冷鋒和熱鋒，帶動溫帶氣旋自西東移。[3]



參考文獻





  1. ^ Severe Weather Information Centre http://severe.worldweather.wmo.int/rsmcs.html 2009-12-10查閱


  2. ^ Tropical Cyclone Climatology [1]、[2] 2009-12-10查閱（英文）


  3. ^ Why doesn't the South Atlantic Ocean experience tropical cyclones? [3]、[4] 2009-12-10查閱（英文）









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