Locations of the Ndwandwe and rival Mthethwa empire on a map of present-day KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The Khumalo clan was wedged between these spheres of influence.
Historical states in present-day South Africa
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before 1600
Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1050–1270)
Kingdom of Mutapa (1430–1760)
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1600–1700
Dutch Cape Colony (1652–1795)
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1700–1800
Mthethwa Paramountcy (c.1780–1817)
Ndwandwe (c.1780–1817)
Swellendam (1795)
Graaff-Reinet (1795–1796)
Cape Colony (1795–1802)
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1800–1850
Dutch Cape Colony (1802–1806)
Cape Colony (1806–1910)
Waterboer's Land (1813–1871)
Zulu Kingdom (1818–1897)
Adam Kok's Land (1825–1861)
Winburg (1836–1844)
Potchefstroom (1837–1848)
Natalia Republic (1839–1843)
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1850–1875
South African Republic (1852–1902)
Orange Free State (1854–1902)
Republic of Utrecht (1854–1858)
Lydenburg Republic (1856–1860)
Griqualand East (1861–1879)
Griqualand West (1870–1880)
Diggers' Republic (1870–71)
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1875–1900
Stellaland (1882–1885)
Goshen (1882–83)
Nieuw Republiek (1884–1888)
Klein Vrystaat (1886–1891)
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1900–present
Cape Colony (1806–1910)
Union of South Africa (1910–1961)
Transkei (1976–1994)
Bophuthatswana (1977–1994)
Venda (1979–1994)
Ciskei (1981–1994)
Republic of South Africa (1961–present)
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South Africa portal
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The Ndwandwe are a Bantu Nguni-speaking people who populate sections of southern Africa.
The Ndwandwe, with the Mthethwa, were a significant power in present-day Zululand at the turn of the nineteenth century. Under the leadership of King Zwide, the Ndwandwe nation destroyed the Mthethwa under their king Dingiswayo, and the power vacuum was filled by Shaka and his then small Zulu tribe. In a common front against the Ndwandwe, Shaka collected the remains of the Mthethwa and other regional tribes, and survived the first encounter of the Zulu Civil War with Zwide at the Battle of Gqokli Hill in 1818.
In 1819, Zwide made another expedition against the Zulus, but Shaka again changed his tactics, letting the Ndwandwe army penetrate his territory and responding with guerrilla warfare. Shortage of supplies caused the Ndandwe to return home, but when they were crossing the river Mhlatuze in early 1820, their forces were split and defeated at the Battle of Mhlatuze River.
This led to the disintegration of the Ndwandwe nation as Zwide's generals and sons led sections of the Ndwandwe northwards. One such group, under Soshangane, formed the Gaza Empire in present-day central Mozambique while another, under Zwangendaba, established rule as the waNgoni in present-day Malawi. Others established themselves as chiefs of note in Swaziland and Zambia to create a Ndwandwe legacy of enduring power that is scattered across Southern Africa.
They speak Nguni dialects and their nations’ official languages are English in Zambia and Zimbabwe, and Portuguese in Mozambique.
Other South African Governments
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Kingdoms |
Colonies |
Boer States |
Bantustans |
National |
Kingdom of Mapungubwe (c. 1075–c. 1220)
Mthethwa Paramountcy (c. 1780–1817)
Ndwandwe Kingdom (c. 1780–1819)
Zulu Kingdom (1816–97)
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Dutch Cape Colony (1652–1806)
Cape Colony (1795–1910)
Natal Colony (1843–1910)
Orange River Colony (1902–10)
Transvaal Colony (1902–10)
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Natalia Republic (1839–43)
Orange Free State (1854–1902)
Griqualand East (1861–79)
Griqualand West (1870–73)
Goshen (1882–83)
Stellaland (1882–85)
Nieuwe Republiek (1884–88)
Upingtonia (1885–87)
Klein Vrystaat (1886–91)
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Gazankulu (1971–94)
Lebowa (1972–94)
QwaQwa (1974–94)
Transkei (1976–94)
Bophuthatswana (1977–94)
Venda (1979–94)
Ciskei (1981–94)
KaNgwane (1981–94)
KwaNdebele (1981–94)
KwaZulu (1981–94)
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Cape Qualified Franchise (1853–1910)
South African Republic (1856–1902)
Union of South Africa (1910–61)
Republic of South Africa (1961–Present)
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Current Government |
Ethnic groups in Mozambique
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- Chopi
- Gaza
- Kunda
- Lemba
- Makonde
- Makua
- Maviha
- Ndau
- Ndwandwe
- Portuguese Mozambicans
- Sena
- Shona
- Swahili
- Tsonga
- Yao
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Ethnic groups in Eswatini
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- Ndwandwe
- Sotho
- Swazi
- Tsonga
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Ethnic groups in Zambia
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- Bemba
- Bwile
- Chewa
- Chokwe
- Ishindi-Lunda
- Kafwe Twa
- Kanongesha-Lunda
- Kunda
- Lamba
- Lambya
- Lovale
- Lozi
- Lukanga Twa
- Lunda
- Lungu
- Mambwe
- Mbunda
- Mwanga
- Ndwandwe
- Ngoni
- Nkoya
- Nsenga
- Nyiha
- Senga
- Subiya
- Tokaleya
- Tonga
- Tumbuka
- White Zambians
- Yombe
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Ethnic groups in Zimbabwe
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- Goffal
- Hungwe
- Kunda
- Lemba
- Manyika
- Nambya
- Ndau
- Ndwandwe
- Northern Ndebele
- Shona
- Tokaleya
- Tonga
- Tsonga
- Vadoma
- White
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