4-硝基氯苯

Multi tool use
4-nitrochlorobenzene
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别名
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p-硝基氯苯 对硝基氯苯 4-氯硝基苯 对氯硝基苯 PNCBO
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识别
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CAS号
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100-00-5 
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PubChem
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7474
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ChemSpider
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21106020
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SMILES
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- C1=CC(=CC=C1[N+](=O)[O-])Cl
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InChI
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- 1/C6H4ClNO2/c7-5-1-3-6(4-2-5)8(9)10/h1-4H
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InChIKey
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CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYAO
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KEGG
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C14456
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性质
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化学式
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C6H4ClNO2
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摩尔质量
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157.55 g·mol−1
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外观
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Light yellow solid
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氣味
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sweet[1]
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密度
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1.52 g/cm3 (20 °C)
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熔点
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83.6 °C(357 K)
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沸点
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242.0 °C(515 K)
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溶解性(水)
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Insoluble
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溶解性(other solvents)
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Soluble in toluene, ether, acetone, hot ethanol
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蒸氣壓
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0.2 mmHg (30°C)[1]
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危险性
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PEL
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TWA 1 mg/m3 [skin][1]
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LD50
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812 mg/kg (rat, oral) 1414 mg/kg (mouse, oral) 440 mg/kg (mouse, oral) 420 mg/kg (rat, oral)[1]
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LC50
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164 mg/m3 (cat, 7 hr)[1]
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若非注明,所有数据均出自一般条件(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。
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4-硝基氯苯是一种有机化合物,化学式为ClC6H4NO2。
制备
4-硝基氯苯在工业上由氯苯的硝化反应制备。[2]
ClC6H5+HNO3→ClC6H4NO2+H2O{displaystyle mathrm {ClC_{6}H_{5}+HNO_{3}rightarrow ClC_{6}H_{4}NO_{2}+H_{2}O} }
反应除了4位的化合物外,还会生成2位的异构体(2位:4位=1:2)。异构体可以通过蒸馏分离。4-硝基氯苯最初由Holleman等人通过对4-氯溴苯的硝化制备。[3]
参考文献
^ 1.01.11.21.31.4 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0452
^ Gerald Booth "Nitro Compounds, Aromatic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_411
^ "The nitration of mixed dihalogen benzenes" Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas et de la Belgique. Amsterdam, 1915; pp. 204-235.
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