经幡







开元寺泰佛殿的经幡





祁连山上飘扬的经幡


經幡，指有書寫或印刷佛經或陀羅尼的幡布，令眾生見聞、讀誦、思惟、塵觸[1]而獲得利益。




目录






  • 1 來由


  • 2 漢傳佛教


  • 3 藏傳佛教


  • 4 參考資料





來由


《華嚴經十回向品》載：「菩薩施上妙幢幡，回向云：願一切眾生，常以寶繒[2]，書寫正法，護持諸佛菩薩法藏。」


《佛說灌頂隨願往生十方淨土經》卷十一：「普廣菩薩白佛言。世尊若四輩男女。若臨終時若已過命。是其亡日我今亦勸。造作黃幡懸著剎上。使獲福德離八難苦。得生十方諸佛淨土。幡蓋供養隨心所願至成菩提。幡隨風轉。破碎都盡至成微塵。風吹幡塵其福無量。幡一轉時轉輪王位。乃至吹塵小王之位。其報無量。燈四十九照諸幽冥苦痛眾生蒙此光明皆得相見。緣此福德拔彼眾生悉得休息。」[3]



漢傳佛教


經幡係作為供養佛菩薩的莊嚴具，上書經文或佛號，用以象徵佛菩薩之威德。


在《藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經》中教示應為病人皈依世尊藥師琉璃光如來、懸五色續命神幡、燃燈供佛、放諸生命等善行為病人祈福。



藏傳佛教


佛教傳入藏地後，经幡（藏文：.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"BabelStone Tibetan",Jomolhari,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}དར་ལྕོག་，威利：dar lcog）與當地原始宗教習合，發展出名為「風馬旗」的經幡，藏語稱為隆達或龍達（藏文：རླུང་རྟ་，威利：rlung rta），「隆」是藏語的「風」，「達」是藏語的「馬」[4]，故漢譯為「風馬」、「風馬旗」，其幡布上繪有馱運佛法僧三寶的馬，意思是藉由風的力量如同馬匹載運經文送到各地利益眾生。又稱為嘛呢旗、祈禱幡等。


風馬旗一串橫向展開五面幡布，每面分別為藍、白、紅、緣、黃等色。上有六字真言等經咒，常懸掛在寺院、敖包、聖地、嘛呢堆等處，當牧民們路過這些地方，都會下馬致意，右繞經幡。


經幡也有作為直立式以旗桿插地[5]或固定。亦有將經咒印在紙上，隨風施放。


藏曆中「飛幡日」不適宜懸掛、施放風馬旗，故在掛放風馬時，會避開這一天。



參考資料






维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：经幡




  1. ^ 《佛說佛頂尊勝陀羅尼經》(大正藏第 19 冊 No. 0971 )：若有男子女人。書寫此陀羅尼安高幢上。或安高山或置樓臺。乃至安置窣堵波中。天帝若有苾芻苾芻尼鄔波索迦鄔波斯迦族姓男女。於前幢等或時遙見。或與相近其影映身。或復風吹陀羅尼等。幢上輕塵落在身者。天帝彼諸眾生所有罪業。應墮惡趣地獄餓鬼傍生。琰摩王界阿蘇羅身。眾惡之苦皆悉不受。亦復不為罪垢染污。天帝此等有情一切諸佛之所授記。皆得不退轉於阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。


  2. ^ 繒，《說文解字》云：「繒，帛也」，古時對絲織品之統稱


  3. ^ 佛說灌頂隨願往生十方淨土經卷第十一


  4. ^ 藏傳佛教辭典-隆達(風馬旗)


  5. ^ 2016色登寺佛誕日掛經幡共修掠影(0:57~2:22)









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