魁紂龍屬

Multi tool use
魁紂龍屬 化石時期: 白堊紀早期,118 Ma
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魁紂龍的已發現化石部位
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保护状况
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化石
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科學分類
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界:
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動物界 Animalia
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門:
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脊索動物門 Chordata
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綱:
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蜥形綱 Sauropsida
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超目:
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恐龍總目 Dinosauria
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目:
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蜥臀目 Saurischia
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亞目:
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獸腳亞目 Theropoda
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下目:
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肉食龍下目 Carnosauria
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總科:
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異特龍超科 Allosauroidea
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科:
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鯊齒龍科 Carcharodontosauridae
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屬:
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魁紂龍屬 Tyrannotitan Novas, de Valai, Vickers-Rich & Rich, 2005
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模式種
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丘布特魁紂龍 Tyrannotitan chubutensis Novas et al., 2005
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魁紂龍屬(屬名:Tyrannotitan)是種巨大的二足肉食性恐龍,身長約12.2公尺[1],屬於鯊齒龍科,生存於白堊紀,化石是在2005年於阿根廷發現。魁紂龍與近年新發現的南方巨獸龍與鯊齒龍有接近親緣關係,都是巨型掠食動物。魁紂龍的屬名Tyrannotitan意為「暴君巨人蜥蜴」,意指牠們的恐怖外表。
發現與種
丘布特魁紂龍是由奧尼拉斯·諾瓦(Fernando E. Novas)、Silvina de Valais、帕特·里奇(Pat Vickers-Rich)、以及托馬斯·里奇(Tom Rich)等人在2005年所敘述。魁紂龍的化石被發現於阿根廷丘布特省帕索印第歐東北方28公里的La Juanita牧場。該地方被認為屬於Cerro Barcino地層,地質年代為阿爾比階,約1億2100萬年前到1億1220萬年前。
魁紂龍的模式標本(編號MPEF-PV 1156)包含:部分齒骨、牙齒、第3到8個與第11到14個背椎、前幾節尾椎、肋骨、脈弧、一個肩胛喙軟骨、肱骨、尺骨、部分腸骨、一個接近完整的股骨、腓骨、以及左第二蹠骨。
其他的標本(編號MPEF-PV 1157)包含:顴骨、一個右齒骨、牙齒、寰椎(包含髓突)、第9個頸椎、背椎(第7、第10、第13個)、固定的薦椎(總共5個)、後幾節尾椎、肋骨、右股骨、一個破碎的左蹠骨、以及三個趾骨(2-1、2-2、3-3)。
魁紂龍的標準特徵為:小齒從中脊裂成兩個部分、沿者齒骨後部表面有個次要溝槽、背部神經棘有韌帶嵌入的痕跡。
根據2008年的估計值,魁紂龍的身長約12.2公尺[2]。
古生物學
目前對於魁紂龍的研究有限,只有四頁簡短的化石敘述。與牠們的近親相比,魁紂龍的牙齒較不呈鐮刀狀,並擁有額外、凹凸不平的小齒;小齒的中央有可辨認的齒溝,將每個小齒分成兩部分。不像已知的鯊齒龍科恐龍,魁紂龍的薦椎與尾椎缺乏空腔。而魁紂龍的肩胛喙軟骨已被固定住,並發展得比卡洛琳南方巨獸龍的還好,但魁紂龍的手臂非常小。大部分的肩胛骨幹部已經遺失。肩峰(Acromion)與軸幹之間大約有90度的彎曲,使這個部位看起來稍微類似暴龍科恐龍。
魁紂龍個體間的明顯差異,可能是因為演化結果、或是兩性異形,但因為整體的標本很少,所以無法確定原因(後者比較不可能)。其中一個前部尾椎有非常高的神經棘;從外形判斷,大約是中部尾椎的兩倍。魁紂龍可藉由這種縱深的尾巴而輕易地游泳,如同角鼻龍。眼眶孔的基部有個幾乎呈90度的凹口,進入到顴骨中:這特徵與鯊齒龍的一致,而南方巨獸龍的眼眶孔基部呈圓形。
參考資料
^ Mortimer, M. (2004), "The Theropod Database" 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2008-01-09., viewed September 17, 2007. 存档副本. [2008-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-09). .
^ Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2008) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages Supplementary Information
- Novas, de Valais, Vickers-Rich and Rich, 2005.A large Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia, Argentina, and the evolution of carcharodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften.
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