Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz (SP) (German) Parti socialiste suisse (PS) (French) Partito Socialista Svizzero (PS) (Italian) Partida Socialdemocrata de la Svizra (PS) (Romansh) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Christian Levrat |
| Members in Federal Council | Simonetta Sommaruga Alain Berset |
| Founded | 21 October 1888 |
| Headquarters | Spitalgasse 34 CH-3001 Bern |
| Youth wing | Young Socialists Switzerland |
| Membership (2015) | 30,000[1] |
| Ideology | Social democracy[2] Democratic socialism[3] Anti-capitalism[4][5] Pro-Europeanism[3] |
| Political position | Centre-left[3][6] to left-wing[7][8][9] |
| European affiliation | Party of European Socialists (associate) |
| International affiliation | Progressive Alliance |
| Colours | Red |
| Federal Council | 2 / 7 |
| National Council | 43 / 200 |
| Council of States | 12 / 46 |
| Cantonal executives | 28 / 154 |
| Cantonal legislatures | 459 / 2,609 |
| Website | |
| sp-ps.ch | |
| |
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (also rendered as Swiss Socialist Party; German: Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz, SP; French: Parti socialiste suisse, PS; Italian: Partito Socialista Svizzero; Romansh: Partida Socialdemocrata de la Svizra) is a political party in Switzerland. It has been represented by two Federal Councilors since 1960 and got the second-most votes in the 2015 national elections.
The party was founded on 21 October 1888, and is currently the second largest of the four leading coalition political parties in Switzerland. It is the only left-wing party with representatives in the Swiss Federal Council. It is also the second largest political party in the Swiss parliament. The current members in the Swiss Federal Council are Alain Berset and Simonetta Sommaruga.
The SP is the largest pro-European party in Switzerland and supports Swiss membership of the European Union,[3] unlike most other Swiss parties. Additionally, it is strongly opposed to capitalism and maintains a long-term goal of "overcoming capitalism."[4][5][10] The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance,[11] and an associate member of the Party of European Socialists.[12]
Contents
1 History
2 Policies
3 Popular support
4 Election results
5 Party strength over time
6 Presidents
7 Members of the Swiss Federal Council
8 Notes and references
9 External links
History
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With its foundation in October 1888, the Social Democratic Party was considered to be the main opposition to the Radicals in government and parliament. After the unsuccessful general strike in 1918, proportional representation was introduced which helped the SP gain 41 seats in parliament.[13] The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1927 and 1940.[14] After the strike the party took a softer line and in 1943 it became the strongest party in parliament, finally gaining a seat in the Federal Council. It picked up a second seat in 1959.[13] The party's historical archives is today hosted by the Swiss Social Archives.
Policies
The SP's positions in the Swiss political spectrum (2007)
The SP supports classical social democratic policies. To that rule, the SP stands for a government offering strong public services. The SP is against far-reaching economic liberalism, in favor of social progressivism, environmental policy with climate change mitigation, for an open foreign policy, and a national security policy based on pacifism.
In economic, financial, and social welfare policy, the SP rejects policies of economic liberalization such as deregulation, lowering taxes for high-income citizens, and decreases in government spending on social insurance. The SP also opposes raising the retirement age. In addition, the SP is a proponent of increasing welfare spending in some areas such as for a publicly financed maternity leave, universal health care and a flexible retirement age. In tax policy the SP opposes the notion of lowering taxes for high-income citizens. By campaigning for the harmonisation of all tax rates in Switzerland, the SP seeks more redistribution. The SP is skeptical toward the privatization of state enterprises. Nonetheless, the SP also promotes more competition in the areas of agriculture and parallel imports.
In social policy, the SP is committed to social equity and an open society. Thus, the SP aims at making working conditions for women in families easier by promoting more external childcare centers and more opportunities for part-time jobs. It also aims at reinforcing sexual equality in terms of eliminating wage differences based on gender, supports civil union for homosexuals and takes an easier stance toward abortions. The SP also rejects strengthening restrictions on asylum seekers and immigrants. Thus, it supports the integration of immigrants by which the immigrants are assigned to immigration procedures immediately after entering the country. The SP has a liberal stance toward drugs and is in favor of publicly regulated heroin consumption and the legalization of cannabis. Nevertheless, the SP supports the smoking ban in restaurants and bars.
In foreign policy the SP promotes further participation by Switzerland in international organizations. It supports immediate entry of Switzerland into the European Union. The SP also stands for a less strict neutrality of Switzerland, and supports increased international efforts on the part of Switzerland in the areas of peace and human rights. However, the SP supports keeping the military neutrality and opposes entry into NATO. Its pacifist stance is also reflected in its military policy: The SP supports reducing the number of Swiss militia while making the military apparatus more professional and scrapping conscription. Another demand of the SP is to end the tradition of gun ownership, using severe and recent examples of abuse in terms of murder as proof.
Together with the Green Party of Switzerland, the Social Democrats have common environmentalist policies, which are reflected in the expansion of ecotax reforms and increased state support for energy saving measures and renewable energies. The SP is against the construction of new roads where possible and instead proposes to shift the transportation of goods from the roads to the railways and the introduction of a cap and trade and traffic management system when it comes to transportation across the Swiss Alps. Furthermore, the SP stands for an expansion of the public transportation system network and opposes nuclear energy.
Popular support
Percentages of the SP at district level in 2011
Strongest in urban areas, the Social Democrats' support is spread across the country as they hold a quarter of seats in cantonal parliaments, but are the largest party in only one, Basel-Stadt (coloured red above)
In 2003, it held 52 mandates (out of 200) in the Swiss National Council (first chamber of the Swiss parliament); 9 (out of 46) in the second chamber and 2 out of 7 mandates in the Swiss Federal Council (executive body). By 2005, it held 23.8% of the seats in the Swiss Cantonal governments and 23.2% in the Swiss Cantonal parliaments (index "BADAC", weighted with the population and number of seats). At the latest legislative elections on 18 October 2015, the party won 18.8% of the popular vote and 43 out of 200 seats.[15]
Election results
| Year | Votes | Seats | Rank (seats) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | ± pp | # | ± | ||
1890 | 3.6 | 1 / 147 |  1 | 5th | ||
1893 | 5.9 | 1 / 147 |  | 5th | ||
1896 | 25,304 | 6.8 | 2 / 147 | 1 | 4th | |
1899 | 35,488 | 9.6 | 4 / 147 | 2 | 4th | |
1902 | 51,338 | 12.6 | 7 / 167 | 3 | 4th | |
1905 | 60,308 | 14.7 | 2 / 167 |  5 | 5th | |
1908 | 70,003 | 17.6 | 7 / 167 | 5 | 4th | |
1911 | 80,050 | 20.0 | 15 / 189 | 8 | 3rd | |
1914 | 34,204 | 10.1 | 19 / 189 | 3 | 3rd | |
1917 | 158,450 | 30.8 | 20 / 189 | 2 | 3rd | |
1919 | 175,292 | 23.5 | 41 / 189 | 21 | 2nd | |
1922 | 170,974 | 23.3 | 43 / 198 | 2 | 3rd | |
1925 | 192,208 | 25.8 | 49 / 198 | 6 | 2nd | |
1928 | 220,141 | 27.4 | 50 / 198 | 1 | 2nd | |
1931 | 247,946 | 28.7 | 49 / 187 | 1 | 2nd | |
1935 | 255,843 | 28.0 | 50 / 187 | 1 | 1st | |
1939 | 160,377 | 25.9 | 45 / 187 | 5 | 2nd | |
1943 | 251,576 | 28.6 | 56 / 194 | 11 | 1st | |
1947 | 251,625 | 26.2 | 48 / 194 | 8 | 2nd | |
1951 | 249,857 | 26.0 | 49 / 196 | 1 | 2nd | |
1955 | 263,664 | 27.0 | 53 / 196 | 4 | 1st | |
1959 | 259,139 | 26.4 | 51 / 196 | 2 | 1st | |
1963 | 256,063 | 26.6 | 53 / 200 | 2 | 1st | |
1967 | 233,873 | 23.5 | 50 / 200 | 3 | 1st | |
1971[16] | 452,195 | 22.9% | – 0.6 | 46 / 200 | 4 | 2nd |
1975[16] | 477,125 | 24.9% | + 2.0 | 55 / 200 | 9 | 2nd |
1979[16] | 443,794 | 24.4% | – 0.5 | 51 / 200 | 4 | 2nd |
1983[16] | 444,365 | 22.8% | – 1.6 | 47 / 200 | 4 | 2nd |
1987[16] | 353,334 | 18.4% | – 4.4 | 41 / 200 | 6 | 3rd |
1991[16] | 373,664 | 18.5% | + 0.1 | 41 / 200 | 0 | 2nd |
1995[16] | 410,136 | 21.8% | + 3.3 | 54 / 200 | 13 | 2nd |
1999[16] | 438,555 | 22.5% | – 0.7 | 51 / 200 | 3 | 3rd |
2003[16] | 490,392 | 23.3% | + 0.8 | 52 / 200 | 1 | 2nd |
2007[16] | 450,308 | 19.5% | – 3.8 | 43 / 200 | 9 | 2nd |
2011[16] | 451,236 | 18.7% | – 0.8 | 46 / 200 | 3 | 2nd |
2015[15] | 475,071 | 18.8% | + 0.1 | 43 / 200 | 3 | 2nd |
Party strength over time
| Canton | 1971 | 1975 | 1979 | 1983 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2003 | 2007 | 2011 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | 22.9 | 24.9 | 24.4 | 22.8 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 21.8 | 22.5 | 23.3 | 19.5 | 18.7 | 18.8 |
| Zürich | 20.9 | 23.9 | 26.5 | 23.0 | 17.4 | 18.8 | 23.1 | 25.6 | 25.7 | 19.8 | 19.3 | 21.4 |
| Bern | 31.0 | 31.0 | 30.5 | 28.3 | 22.3 | 20.0 | 24.7 | 27.6 | 27.9 | 21.2 | 19.3 | 19.7 |
| Luzern | 12.4 | 13.4 | 12.5 | 11.8 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 11.1 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 13.6 |
| Uri | *a | * | 23.0 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 21.5 | * |
| Schwyz | 29.0 | 29.3 | 22.6 | 21.0 | 14.3 | 19.4 | 19.9 | 16.4 | 17.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 13.1 |
| Obwalden | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 11.6 | * | * |
| Nidwalden | * | * | 10.6 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| Glarus | 57.2 | 64.7 | * | * | * | 53.7 | 83.9 | 85.7 | 67.1 | 55.5 | 24.6 | 45.0 |
| Zug | * | 35.7 | 30.9 | 22.8 | 22.6 | 16.1 | 17.0 | 23.3 | 13.4 | 9.1 | 5.3 | 13.8 |
| Fribourg | 19.9 | 25.7 | 30.7 | 24.0 | 22.2 | 18.6 | 17.3 | 20.3 | 21.5 | 22.7 | 26.7 | 24.2 |
| Solothurn | 26.3 | 31.4 | 28.4 | 27.8 | 22.3 | 19.8 | 24.2 | 27.2 | 25.4 | 19.5 | 18.3 | 20.0 |
| Basel-Stadt | 30.4 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 31.0 | 25.9 | 25.3 | 35.5 | 33.3 | 40.9 | 35.2 | 29.1 | 33.3 |
| Basel-Landschaft | 28.2 | 30.3 | 31.4 | 32.5 | 22.8 | 24.4 | 25.3 | 23.3 | 24.7 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 22.2 |
| Schaffhausen | 40.2 | 37.2 | 35.3 | 35.4 | 39.2 | 34.2 | 37.8 | 33.6 | 39.7 | 34.2 | 34.6 | 28.8 |
| Appenzell A.Rh. | 37.4 | 40.1 | * | 23.6 | * | * | 21.9 | 29.6 | 19.9 | * | * | 28.6 |
| Appenzell I.Rh. | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 20.3 | 18.1 |
| St. Gallen | 14.6 | 15.1 | 18.0 | 16.3 | 11.4 | 13.1 | 16.2 | 17.1 | 18.4 | 14.7 | 16.7 | 14.2 |
| Graubünden | 13.9 | 15.2 | 20.5 | 24.6 | 19.5 | 21.2 | 21.6 | 26.6 | 24.9 | 23.7 | 15.6 | 17.6 |
| Aargau | 23.9 | 24.2 | 27.6 | 27.5 | 18.5 | 17.4 | 19.4 | 18.7 | 21.2 | 17.9 | 18.0 | 16.1 |
| Thurgau | 20.7 | 21.6 | 22.4 | 19.5 | 13.4 | 15.1 | 18.1 | 16.1 | 14.1 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 12.7 |
| Ticino | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 13.8 | 9.3 | 6.7 | 17.1 | 18.8 | 25.8 | 18.1 | 16.6 | 15.9 |
| Vaud | 25.0 | 27.6 | 24.9 | 21.9 | 22.5 | 22.9 | 22.7 | 22.4 | 21.7 | 22.0 | 25.2 | 22.2 |
| Valais | 15.4 | 17.4 | 11.6 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 16.6 | 16.9 | 19.1 | 14.7 | 14.6 | 13.3 |
| Neuchâtel | 30.6 | 38.9 | 37.4 | 33.1 | 30.8 | 29.8 | 28.2 | 28.0 | 29.2 | 25.9 | 24.7 | 23.7 |
| Genève | 19.1 | 22.6 | 21.5 | 19.2 | 18.6 | 26.4 | 30.0 | 20.0 | 24.8 | 19.1 | 19.1 | 19.9 |
| Jura | b | b | * | 17.8 | 25.5 | 28.8 | 32.4 | 34.2 | 34.2 | 36.9 | 30.8 | 23.7 |
- 1.^a * indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.
- 2.^b Part of the Canton of Bern until 1979.
Presidents
| 1888–1889 | Alexander Reichel |
| 1890–1891 | Albert Steck |
| 1892–1894 | Eugen Wullschleger |
| 1894–1896 | Wilhelm Fürholz |
| 1897 | Karl Zgraggen |
| 1898 | Paul Brandt |
| 1898–1901 | Otto Lang |
| 1901–1902 | Joseph Albisser |
| 1902–1908 | Gottfried Reimann |
| 1909–1910 | Eduard Kessler |
| 1911 | Hans Näher |
| 1912–1916 | Fritz Studer |
| 1916–1917 | Emil Klöti |
| 1918 | Jakob Gschwend |
| 1919 | Gustav Müller |
| 1919–1936 | Ernst Reinhard |
| 1937–1952 | Hans Oprecht |
| 1953–1962 | Walther Bringolf |
| 1962–1970 | Fritz Grütter |
| 1970–1974 | Arthur Schmid |
| 1974–1990 | Helmut Hubacher |
| 1990–1997 | Peter Bodenmann |
| 1997–2000 | Ursula Koch |
| 2000–2004 | Christiane Brunner |
| 2004–2008 | Hans-Jürg Fehr |
| Since 2008 | Christian Levrat |
Members of the Swiss Federal Council
| 1943–1951 | Ernst Nobs |
| 1951–1953 | Max Weber |
| 1959–1969 | Willy Spühler |
| 1959–1973 | Hans-Peter Tschudi |
| 1969–1977 | Pierre Graber |
| 1973–1983 | Willy Ritschard |
| 1977–1987 | Pierre Aubert |
| 1987–1993 | René Felber |
| 1983–1995 | Otto Stich |
| 1993–2002 | Ruth Dreifuss |
| 1995–2010 | Moritz Leuenberger |
| 2002–2011 | Micheline Calmy-Rey |
| Since 2010 | Simonetta Sommaruga |
| Since 2011 | Alain Berset |
Notes and references
^ The Swiss Confederation — A Brief Guide. Federal Chancellery. 2015. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Switzerland". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
^ abcd "Switzerland—Political Parties". European Election Database (EED). Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
^ ab "Überwindung des Kapitalismus bleibt SP-Fernziel" (in German). Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. 7 April 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
^ ab "SP will die «Überwindung des Kapitalismus» konkretisieren" (in German). Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. 3 December 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
^ René Schwok (2009). "Why Switzerland Refused to Join the European Union". Switzerland--European Union: An Impossible Membership?. Peter Lang. p. 119. ISBN 978-90-5201-576-7.
^ Ladner, Andreas (2013). Die Positionierung der Schweizer Parteien im internationalen Vergleich. Die Parteien in Bewegung: Nachbarschaft und Konflikte. NZZ Libro. p. 213.
^ The Economist Intelligence Unit (2015). Switzerland--Country Overview. The Economist. p. 1.
^ Federal Chancellery, Communication Support (2016). The Swiss Confederation – a brief guide. Switzerland: Swiss Confederation. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
^ "Positionspapier sorgt für rote Köpfe bei Genossen" (in German). Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. 19 November 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
^ "Participants | Progressive Alliance". Progressive-alliance.info. 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
^ PES member parties PES Archived 2013-05-03 at the Wayback Machine. Pes.eu. Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
^ ab Social Democratic Party. swissinfo.ch (2007-11-30). Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
^ Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 323
^ ab Bundesamt für Statistik. "Nationalratswahlen: Übersicht Schweiz". Retrieved 2015-10-19.
^ abcdefghijk Grossenbacher, Timo (2015-09-30). "Party strongholds and political battlefields 1971−2011 - SWI". Swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
^ Nationalratswahlen 2015: Der Wandel der Parteienlandschaft seit 1971 (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-08-02.
External links
www.sp-ps.ch in French and German
www.ps-ticino.ch in Italian
Social Democratic Party in History of Social Security in Switzerland
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