井喷

Multi tool use

本文介紹的是油气行业的一个
专业术语。關於
井喷的引申义,請見「
井喷 (引申义)」。
井噴(Blowout),是一種地層中流體噴出地面或流入井內其他地層的現象,大多發生在開採石油、天然氣之地方。
井噴為正常之現象,但出現井噴事故,天然氣噴出後與空氣摩擦,容易發生燃燒、爆炸,因此極度危險。解決方法是將密度大的重晶石粉灌到井里,以增加壓力,止住井噴繼續發生。此外,天然气井喷通常伴有大量的二氧化硫或硫化氢等有毒物质。
如果发生天然气井喷,从井口喷出没有立即点火,而扩散到空气中形成爆炸混合物,然后延迟点火,就会造成蒸气云爆炸,造成非常严重的伤害[1]。
引發原因
- 地層壓力掌握不準
泥漿密度偏低
井內泥漿液柱高度降低
- 起鑽抽吸,以及其他不當措施等。
参考文献
^ 郑远攀; 张应安,冯长根,王 峰,钱新明,张德平,刘振翼. 基于多能法和概率方程的井喷爆炸后果分析. 科技导报. 2008, 26 (0821): 43–47 [2010-07-29]. ISSN 1000-7857.
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