Venizelism
































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Venizelism (Greek: Βενιζελισμός) was one of the major political movements in Greece from the 1900s until the mid-1970s.




Contents






  • 1 Main ideas


  • 2 History


    • 2.1 Liberal Party


    • 2.2 Centre Union


    • 2.3 Centrist Democratic Union




  • 3 Legacy


  • 4 Antivenizelism


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References





Main ideas


Named after Eleftherios Venizelos, the key characteristics of Venizelism were:




  • Greek irredentism: The support of the Megali Idea.



  • Liberal democracy



  • pro-West: Alliance with Entente against the militarism of the Central Powers during WWI, and with the Allies during WWII. Also pro-West during the Cold War.



  • Republicanism: Despite Venizelos' moderation regarding the monarchy, most of his supporters were in favour of a Republic.



  • Economic liberalism



  • Anti-communism: Venizelos rejected the bolshevik practices and was the main introducer of the Idionymon anticommunist law.



History



Liberal Party





Eleftherios Venizelos


Venizelos' liberal party ruled Greece from 1910 until 1916. That year, determined to enter World War I on the entente side, Venizelos rebelled against the king and formed a provisional government in the north. He regained full control of the country and ruled until losing the 1920 elections.


After a crisis period (including two short-lived pro-Venizelist military governments after Nikolaos Plastiras 1923 coup) the liberals returned to power from 1928 until 1932. Venizelists Sophoklis Venizelos and George Papandreou formed the core of the Greek government in exile during the Axis Occupation of Greece (1941–1944), and held power a number of times in the 1950s.



Centre Union





Georgios Papandreou, leader of the Centre Union.


Georgios Papandreou created the Centre Union party in 1961, as a coalition of Venizelists and progressive conservatives. In 1963 the party was elected and held power until 1965, when its right wing broke ranks in the events known as the Apostasia. The current Union of Centrists claims to be the ideological continuation of the old party Centre Union.



Centrist Democratic Union


After the 1967–1974 Junta, Venizelists formed the Centre Union – New Forces party, which then evolved into the Union of the Democratic Centre (Greek: ΕΔΗΚ). While the Venizelist legacy was still popular, election results were disappointing as the abolition of the monarchy, the dilution of support for Greek nationalism after the seven years of the junta and the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and Karamanlis' move towards the political centre had blurred the differences between the liberals and their former conservative opponents, while the socialist PASOK party was gaining support at the left side of the spectrum.



Legacy


Although the image of Venizelos is still very popular in Greece today, Venizelism is no longer a major force in Greek politics. Venizelos' prestige however and his ideology's connotations of republicanism, and progressive reforms means that most mainstream political forces claim his political heritage. There are few explicitly "Venizelist" movements today in Greece. In the 2004 elections for the European Parliament, the leading Venizelist party was the Union of Centrists, gaining only 0.54% of the Greek popular vote. An attempted revival of the original Liberal Party, under the same name, was founded in the 1980s by Venizelos' grandson, Nikitas Venizelos.



Antivenizelism


Against Venizelos' policy were united politicians of different political orientation during the 1910s. Some of their common points was the criticism against Venizelos' extreme philo-Entente policy during World War I, their disagreement concerning his policy about the Megali idea and its results (regarding the relations with Turkey and the Greeks who were still under Ottoman sovereignty) and later the population exchange. Another common point of the Antivenizelists was a hesitation about the country's social and economical modernization.



See also




  • Greek nationalism

  • Metaxism



References


  • Paschalis M. Kitromilides, Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship, Edinburgh University Press 2008, pp. 285–306.










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