HCNG






HCNG -CNG emission


HCNG (or H2CNG) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4–9 percent hydrogen by energy.[1] It may be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines[2][3][4] and home appliances.


(regarding the acronyms in the above emissions chart:


AVL= Average Levels?

CNG=Compressed Natural Gas

HCNG= Hydrogen and CNG blend

NOX= Nitrogen Oxides

NMHC= Non-Methane Hydrocarbons?

CH4= Methane

THC= Total Hydrocarbons?

CO= Carbon Monoxide)


HCNG dispensers can be found at Hynor (Norway) Thousand palms and Barstow,[5]California, Fort Collins, Colorado (all US), Chongqing[6] and Shanxi (China),[7][8][9]Pico Truncado (Argentina),[10]Islamabad (Pakistan),[11][12]Dunkerque (France),[13][14]Gothenburg Sweden, Rio de Janeiro[15] (Brazil), Emilia-Romagna,[16][17]Lombardia[18][19] (Italy), Dwarka and Faridabad (Delhi), India[20][21][22] and the BC hydrogen highway in Canada.


HCNG for mobile use is premixed at the hydrogen station.




Contents






  • 1 Research


  • 2 Codes and standards


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Research


In the town of Nes on the island of Ameland in the Netherlands, a four-year (2008-2011) field test was carried out where 20% hydrogen was added to the local distribution net supplying a complex of 14 apartments.[23] The appliances involved were kitchen stoves, condensing boilers, and micro-CHP boilers.[24]


The use of existing natural gas pipelines for HCNG was studied by NaturalHy.[25]


To get the most out of an internal combustion engine in transportation if higher levels of hydrogen are added, modifications have to be made to the engine and the control strategy.[26][27][28] The hydrogen in the blend leads to lower CO2 emissions.[29]



Codes and standards


The National Fire Protection Association 52 presently covers CNG and hydrogen fueling stations. Blends with < 20% hydrogen by volume
are treated identically to CNG.[30] For the use of blends with more than 30[31]-40 % of hydrogen in volume[32] decision support tools[33] for the design are used to ensure safe use.



See also



  • HCNG dispenser

  • Hydrogen infrastructure

  • Hydrogen economy



References





  1. ^ International hydrogen fuel and pressure vessel forum 2010 Archived 2012-09-05 at the Wayback Machine.


  2. ^ Test of blends of hydrogen and natural gas in a light-duty vehicle


  3. ^ Development of HCNG blended fuel engine with control of NOx emissions


  4. ^ Hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas


  5. ^ Hydrogen-enhanced natural gas vehicle program


  6. ^ Chongqing Wuzhoulong Works with Tsinghua University for HCNG Buses


  7. ^ Hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas as a fuel for engines


  8. ^ HCNG in China


  9. ^ Sxgxny (Shanxi)


  10. ^ Argentina’s first HCNG patrol car Archived 2013-01-29 at Archive.is


  11. ^ Prime Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani supports non-stop CNG loading in Pakistan Archived 2013-01-29 at Archive.is


  12. ^ PM dedicate three gas fields for CNG Industry, HCNG to import immediately with zero import duty Archived 2013-01-31 at Archive.is


  13. ^ ALT-HY-TUDE Project Archived 2010-04-01 at the Wayback Machine.


  14. ^ Position Paper: Natural gas – hydrogen blends technology


  15. ^ Petrobras and the infrastructure for hydrogen supply in Brazil Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.


  16. ^ Hydrogen-methanemixtures: vehicle tests performed by ENEA Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine.


  17. ^ mhybus


  18. ^ Regione Lombardia: 10 hydromethane Pandas


  19. ^ Italian highway presents first prototype of hydrogen-methane Iveco Ecodaily Archived 2013-01-29 at Archive.is


  20. ^ Successful adoption of CNG and emerging CNG-H2 program in India


  21. ^ Automotive research body develops greener fuel engine for light vehicles


  22. ^ Hydrogen–CNG Fuel To Debut During Games


  23. ^ Pilot project on hydrogen injection in natural gas on island of Ameland


  24. ^ Ameland Field testing


  25. ^ Using the existing natural gas system for hydrogen Archived 2012-01-18 at the Wayback Machine.


  26. ^ A study on quasi-dimensional combustion model of a spark ignition HCNG engine suitable for various hydrogen fractions (SAE 2008)


  27. ^ Natural gas vehicle research roadmap -Pag.22


  28. ^ High-percentage hydrogen/cng blend Ford F-150 operating summary


  29. ^ Navarro, Emilio; Leo, Teresa J.; Corral, Roberto (2013). "CO2 emissions from a spark ignition engine operating on natural gas–hydrogen blends (HCNG)". Applied Energy. 101: 112–120. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.046. ISSN 0306-2619..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  30. ^ Hydrogen enriched natural gas technology-pag.36


  31. ^ Hydrogen and natural gas blends; Converting light and heavy duty vehicles


  32. ^ Use of blends of hydrogen and natural gas in urban vehicles in the transition towards an hydrogen economy


  33. ^ Decision Support Tool Archived 2013-12-18 at the Wayback Machine.




External links



  • Hydrogen-Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG) Transport Fuel

  • Hydrogen – Natural gas (HCNG) mixtures as fuels in internal combustion engines









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