Zygogramma










































Zygogramma

Parthenium beetle.JPG

Zygogramma bicolorata

Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Family:
Chrysomelidae
Subfamily:
Chrysomelinae
Genus:
Zygogramma



Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 [1]
Species

~100, see text



Zygogramma is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae, which includes approximately 100 species. 13 species occur north of Mexico.[2]


Adults and larvae are herbivorous on various host plants. Zygogramma exclamationis is a pest species of sunflower crops in North America.[3] At least two species have also been used as a form of biological pest control: Zygogramma bicolorata was introduced to India as a biocontrol agent for the weed Parthenium hysterophorus,[4] and Zygogramma suturalis was introduced to Russia as a control for Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed).[5]



Selected Species





  • Zygogramma arizonica Schaeffer, 1906


  • Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister, 1953


  • Zygogramma conjuncta (Rogers, 1856)


  • Zygogramma continua (J. L. LeConte, 1868)


  • Zygogramma disrupta (Rogers, 1856)


  • Zygogramma estriata Schaeffer, 1919


  • Zygogramma exclamationis (Fabricius, 1798)


  • Zygogramma heterothecae Linell, 1896


  • Zygogramma malvae (Stål, 1859)


  • Zygogramma opifera (Stål, 1860)


  • Zygogramma piceicollis (Stål, 1859)


  • Zygogramma signatipennis (Stål, 1859)


  • Zygogramma suturalis (Fabricius, 1775)


  • Zygogramma tortuosa (Rogers, 1856)




References




  1. ^ "Zygogramma Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved February 3, 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Genus Zygogramma". BugGuide. 2015. Retrieved 2017-02-23.


  3. ^ Janet J. Knodel; Laurence D. Charlet; Phillip A. Glogoza (2000). "Biology and Pest Management of the Sunflower Beetle in North Dakota". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2017-02-17.


  4. ^ "Zygogramma bicolorata (Mexican beetle)". Invasive Species Compendium. 2012. Retrieved 2017-02-12.


  5. ^ Kovalev, O.V.; Reznik, S.Ya.; Cherkashin, V.N. (1983). "Specific features of the methods of using Zygogramma Chevr. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in biological control of ragweeds (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., A. psilostachya D.C.)". Entomologicheskoe Obozrenije (in Russian). 62: 402–408.



External links


  • List of publications for Zygogramma at the Biodiversity Heritage Library








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