堪布

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藏传佛教
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堪布（藏文：.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"BabelStone Tibetan",Jomolhari,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}མཁན་པོ་，藏语拼音：kainpo，威利：mkhan bo），藏傳佛教稱謂，意為佛學博士，通過特定寺院提供佛學教育的出家僧侶，才可以享有這個稱號。通常被稱為堪布的僧人，同時要兼負寺院的管理職責，其角色與漢傳佛教中的住持類似。


西藏傳統上政教合一，因此堪布也是一種正式的僧官職稱。




目录






  • 1 歷史


  • 2 相關概念


  • 3 參考文獻


    • 3.1 外部文獻


    • 3.2 註釋







歷史


堪布的字源來自梵語upādhyāya[1]，即漢語的和尚、親教師。藏語中堪（khan）義爲“專家”、“博士”，布（po）義爲“者”[2]。


堪布最早是一種資格，藏傳出家眾在通過九至十五年的學習之後，就可以取得這個稱號。在其下還有De Nod Dzin Pa及Shor Phon兩個較低層級的尊稱。


在格魯派傳統中，堪布兼負了寺院的管理職責，類似於漢傳佛教中的住持。通常堪布都需要同時具備格西的資格。



相關概念



  • 堪欽（khan-chen）：義爲大堪布，“欽”（chen）即“大”。[2]

  • 堪索：格鲁派的堪布卸任后称为「堪索」。[2]

  • 基堪布：大方丈堪布。

  • 堪祖（khan–sprul）：同時具有堪布和祖古身份者。[2]

  • 总理堪布，综管全寺；赤巴堪布，全寺首席委员；基洽（或基恰、基巧）堪布（spyi-khyab-mkhan-po），總堪布，清時活佛府邸布達拉宮最高僧官，下辖索布（或蘇本）堪布（gsol-dpon-mkhan-po）、森本堪布（gzim-dpon-mkhan）、却本（或曲本）堪布（chos-dpon-mkhan-po），分管布达拉宫饮食、起居及佛事[3][4]；古嘉堪布，近侍堪布[5]；等等，這些是僧職。依照技藝、學識分類，就有绘画堪布（lhabzo khanpo）、诗词堪布（snyan ngag khanpo）等。



參考文獻



外部文獻


.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}

  • Mukpo, Diana J & Gimian, Carolyn (2006) Dragon Thunder: My Life with Chögyam Trungpa ISBN 1-59030-256-7



註釋





  1. ^ Chogyam Trungpa. The Path of Individual Liberation: The Profound Treasury of the Ocean of Dharma. Volume One. Shambhala Publications. 2013-04-08: 135. ISBN 978-0-8348-2858-2. 


  2. ^ 2.02.12.22.3 《藏密名相问答》


  3. ^ 中華文史網【基恰堪布】


  4. ^ 王海燕, 民国时期西藏地方职官制度的再认识 


  5. ^ 任继愈主编．《宗教大辞典》。上海辞书出版社，1998年8月：p277










































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