嘉木样活佛




嘉木样协巴（藏文：.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"BabelStone Tibetan",Jomolhari,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}འཇམ་དབྱངས་བཞད་པ་，威利：'jam dbyangs bzhad pa，THL：Jamyang Zhépa），簡稱嘉木样，驻锡拉卜楞寺，清朝时期获封呼图克图，称嘉木样呼图克图；中华民国襲用清朝稱號，续封呼图克图；中华人民共和国时期称嘉木样活佛。藏传佛教格鲁派拉卜楞寺最大的活佛系统，



沿革


嘉木样协巴为文殊菩萨的化身，自1720年开始传承，至今共六世。


一世嘉木样·华秀·阿旺宗哲于1648年出生在甘肃夏河，1660年出家为僧，1668年赴拉萨学习佛法，据称曾获得文殊菩萨佛像的微笑示意，故得名“嘉木样协巴多杰”（意为妙音笑金刚），入哲蚌寺果芒经院。1700年，阿旺宗哲出任哲蚌寺堪布。


1708年，阿旺宗哲应蒙古和硕特部河南蒙旗亲王察罕丹津之请，回到故乡传教，次年在夏河开始筹建拉卜楞寺，1716年拉卜楞寺落成。1720年阿旺宗哲被清朝康熙帝封为“护法禅师班智达额尔德尼诺门汗”，颁赐金敕金印。


1721年，阿旺宗哲圆寂，其门徒、拉卜楞寺继任法台一世赛仓·阿旺扎西活佛宣布根据遗嘱，嘉木样不再转世，因此未展开转世灵童的寻访。但这一决定遭到以一世德哇仓·罗藏顿珠活佛为代表的拉卜楞寺许多僧众的反对，迫使阿旺扎西改变初衷，宣布嘉木样转世，并认定当时河南蒙旗亲王丹津旺舒克之子嘎登三珠卜为转世灵童。可是，阿旺扎西的认定未能得到认同，大部分僧众认为转世灵童应该是罗藏顿珠寻访到的郭喇。双方僵持不下，导致嘉木样之位长期空缺。


1738年，阿旺扎西圆寂，罗藏顿珠继位，旋即认定郭喇为转世灵童，其转世被乾隆帝封为诺门罕呼图克图，俗称嘉木样呼图克图。并于1743年迎至拉卜楞寺坐床。



历世嘉木样活佛



























































世数
 生年
 坐床年份
 卒年
 汉文姓名
 藏文姓名
第一世
 1648年
 ——
 1721年
华秀·俄昂宗哲
 དབལ་ཤུལ་ངག་དབང་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་
第二世
 1728年
 ？
 1791年
嘉木样·久美旺波
 དཀོན་མཆོག་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་པོ་
第三世
 1792年
 ？
 1855年
嘉木样·罗桑图旦久美嘉措
 བློ་བཟང་ཐུབ་བསྟན་འཇིགས་མེད་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
第四世
 1856年
 ？
 1916年
嘉木样·格桑图旦旺秀
 སྐལ་བཟང་ཐུབ་བསྟན་དབང་ཕྱུག་
第五世
 1916年
 ？
 1947年
嘉木样·丹贝坚赞
 བསྟན་པའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་
第六世
 1948年
 1952年
 在世
嘉木样·洛桑久美·图丹却吉尼玛
 བློ་བཟང་འཇིགས་མེད་ཐུབ་བསྟན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་


参考文献



  • 嘉木样·华秀·阿旺宗哲——一世嘉木样活佛

  • 对赛仓活佛系统有关问题的评价，载 洲塔、陈小强编著，德尔隆寺与历辈赛仓活佛，北京：中国藏学出版社，1994年




























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