波羅的海艦隊










俄罗斯联邦海军波罗的海舰队徽章




波艦隊的海軍航空兵Su-24M




Geyzer級飛彈巡邏艦


波羅的海艦隊（俄语：Балтийский флот）在苏联时期叫双红旗波罗的海舰队（Дважды Краснознамённый Балтийский флот[1]）是蘇聯與現在俄羅斯在波羅的海現役海軍艦隊；在蘇聯時代此艦隊兩次榮膺紅旗勳章，艦隊司令部設在加里寧格勒。兩大主要基地為：加里寧格勒，與位於芬蘭灣的喀琅施塔得。



歷史


波羅的海艦隊由俄罗斯帝国彼得大帝在1703年建立，除了將首都遷至靠海的聖彼得堡外，為了對抗瑞典而發展了海軍，並於大北方戰爭中擊敗瑞典，成為俄國發展海權的第一步。


在1904~1905年的日俄戰爭中，俄國駐紮在旅順的太平洋艦隊遭日軍攻擊而損失大半；沙皇尼古拉二世下令波羅的海艦隊馳援，組成第二太平洋艦隊。俄軍艦隊從聖彼得堡出發，繞過非洲大陸與印度洋，並穿越台灣海峽與對馬海峽；但俄軍艦隊的航行路徑已被日軍發覺，被日軍迎頭痛擊。俄軍兩次對日海戰和日俄战争的失敗激化了俄国社会矛盾，包括列寧领导的布爾什維克在内的反对沙皇统治的政党有了發展的機會。


1917年俄國爆發十月革命，停靠在聖彼得堡的阿芙樂爾號巡洋艦上的船员對冬宮發炮作為信號，作為開始政變的信號。但布爾什維克的共產主義政策與鎮壓引發農工百姓們的普遍不滿，該艦隊水手與士兵及平民乃於1921年發起喀琅施塔得起义，提案廢除軍隊和企業工廠中的政黨組織、要求言論自由與集會自由、釋放所有政治犯、並舉行新的選舉，但遭共產黨鎮壓屠殺數千人。在二戰時期的列寧格勒戰役中，波罗的海舰队参加了保卫列宁格勒的战斗，用舰炮火力和水手参加地面战斗的形式沉重地打击了德国军队。二战后期，波罗的海舰队参加了波罗的海沿岸的各个主要进攻战役。1945年5月8日，德国投降。


現今波羅的海艦隊由於受到北約海軍力量的圍堵，主要假想敵為芬蘭、愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、波蘭、瑞典、德國、法國與英國等北約成員國的海軍。司令克拉夫丘克及参谋长波波夫。




P-104巡邏艇



參考文獻




  1. ^ 无论是俄海军官网（flot.com/nowadays/structure/baltic/）还是新华社报道news.xinhuanet.com/world/2008-09/15/content_10018315.htm都没有“红旗字样”


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  • Richard Connaughton, 1988, 1991, 2003. "Rising Sun and Tumbling Bear: Russia's War With Japan". Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36657-9.


  • Jürgen Rohwer and Mikhail S. Monakov, Stalin's Ocean Going Fleet – Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programmes: 1935–1953, Frank Cass, 2001, ISBN 0-7146-4895-7.

  • Gunnar Åselius, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Navy in the Baltic, 1921–41, Routledge (UK), 2005, ISBN 978-0-7146-5540-6.




外部連結






维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：波羅的海艦隊


  • Baltic Fleet - Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force) - Russian and Soviet Nuclear Forces

  • Baltic Fleet list March 1917








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Naval Ensign of Russia.svg 俄罗斯／苏联海军舰队 Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union (1950-1991).svg








   

北方舰队

波罗的海舰队

黑海艦隊

太平洋舰队

里海分舰队



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