Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina






Population density in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipality, early data from the 2013 census


This article is about the demographic features of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.




Contents






  • 1 Vital statistics


    • 1.1 Current vital statistics


    • 1.2 Life expectancy at birth




  • 2 Ethnic groups


  • 3 Languages


  • 4 Religion


  • 5 Demographic statistics


    • 5.1 Population


    • 5.2 Age structure


    • 5.3 Median age


    • 5.4 Sex ratio


    • 5.5 Infant mortality rate


    • 5.6 Life expectancy at birth


    • 5.7 HIV/AIDS


    • 5.8 Literacy




  • 6 See also


  • 7 References


  • 8 External links





Vital statistics




































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































[1][2][3]
 Average population (x 1000)
 Live births
 Deaths
 Natural change
 Crude birth rate (per 1000)
 Crude death rate (per 1000)
 Natural change (per 1000)
 Total fertility rate
 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births)
 Life expectancy males
 Life expectancy females
1947
 2 532
 84 600
 38 900
 45 700
 33.4
 15.4
 18.0
1948
 2 586
 90 700
 41 600
 49 100
 35.1
 16.1
 19.0
1949
 2 642
 98 200
 42 200
 56 000
 37.2
 16.0
 21.2
1950
 2 661
 102 680
 35 991
 66 689
 38.6
 13.5
 25.1
1951
 2 721
 92 330
 46 358
 45 972
 33.9
 17.0
 16.9
1952
 2 779
 112 216
 34 817
 77 399
 40.4
 12.5
 27.9
1953
 2 836
 110 373
 41 199
 69 174
 38.9
 14.5
 24.4
1954
 2 891
 115 854
 35 158
 80 696
 40.1
 12.2
 27.9
1955
 2 944
 110 866
 40 513
 70 353
 37.7
 13.8
 23.9
1956
 2 994
 111 561
 38 320
 73 241
 37.3
 12.8
 24.5
1957
 3 042
 102 649
 36 830
 65 819
 33.7
 12.1
 21.6
1958
 3 089
 110 332
 30 123
 80 209
 35.7
 9.8
 26.0
1959
 3 135
 108 123
 32 507
 75 616
 34.5
 10.4
 24.1
1960
 3 180
 110 499
 33 360
 77 139
 34.7
 10.5
 24.3
1961
 3 225
 108 076
 29 413
 78 663
 33.5
 9.1
 24.4
1962
 3 271
 106 826
 31 087
 75 739
 32.7
 9.5
 23.2
1963
 3 315
 104 240
 29 161
 75 079
 31.4
 8.8
 22.6
1964
 3 357
 101 147
 29 846
 71 301
 30.1
 8.9
 21.2
1965
 3 396
 101 351
 27 814
 73 537
 29.8
 8.2
 21.7
1966
 3 433
 97 689
 25 138
 72 551
 28.5
 7.3
 21.1
1967
 3 466
 92 972
 26 195
 66 777
 26.8
 7.6
 19.3
1968
 3 498
 89 134
 26 031
 63 103
 25.5
 7.4
 18.0
1969
 3 531
 87 687
 27 805
 59 882
 24.8
 7.9
 17.0
1970
 3 564
 79 296
 26 355
 52 941
 22.2
 7.4
 14.9
1971
 3 600
 82 694
 24 915
 57 779
 23.0
 6.9
 16.0
1972
 3 637
 82 068
 26 844
 55 224
 22.6
 7.4
 15.2
1973
 3 675
 77 896
 24 672
 53 224
 21.2
 6.7
 14.5
1974
 3 712
 77 833
 23 661
 54 172
 21.0
 6.4
 14.6
1975
 3 747
 78 844
 25 571
 53 273
 21.0
 6.8
 14.2
1976
 3 781
 79 061
 25 178
 53 883
 20.9
 6.7
 14.3
1977
 3 813
 75 669
 24 821
 50 848
 19.8
 6.5
 13.3
1978
 3 844
 73 306
 26 016
 47 290
 19.1
 6.8
 12.3
1979
 3 878
 71 120
 25 370
 45 750
 18.3
 6.5
 11.8
1980
 3 914
 70 928
 26 115
 44 813
 18.1
 6.7
 11.4
1981
 3 950
 71 031
 26 222
 44 809
 18.0
 6.6
 11.3
1982
 3 986
 73 375
 26 775
 46 600
 18.4
 6.7
 11.7
1983
 4 025
 74 296
 29 999
 44 297
 18.5
 7.5
 11.0
1984
 4 070
 74 539
 29 046
 45 493
 18.3
 7.1
 11.2
1985
 4 122
 72 722
 28 966
 43 756
 17.6
 7.0
 10.6
1986
 4 189
 71 203
 29 127
 42 076
 17.0
 7.0
 10.0
1987
 4 267
 70 898
 29 382
 41 516
 16.6
 6.9
 9.7
1988
 4 332
 70 711
 29 559
 41 152
 16.3
 6.8
 9.5
1989
 4 353
 66 809
 30 383
 36 426
 15.3
 7.0
 8.4
1990
 4 308
 66 952
 29 093
 37 859
 15.5
 6.8
 8.8
1991
 4 163
 64 769
 31 411
 33 358
 15.6
 7.5
 8.0
1992






1993






1994






1995






1996
 3 645
 46 594
 25 152
 21 442
 12.8
 6.9
 5.9
 1.647
 14.0
1997
 3 738
 48 397
 27 875
 20 522
 12.9
 7.5
 5.5
 1.684
 12.4
1998
 3 653
 45 007
 28 679
 16 328
 12.3
 7.9
 4.5
 1.558
 11.0
1999
 3 725
 42 464
 28 637
 13 827
 11.4
 7.7
 3.7
 1.362
 10.1
2000
 3 781
 39 563
 30 482
 9 081
 10.5
 8.1
 2.4
 1.300
 9.7
2001
 3 798
 37 717
 30 325
 7 392
 9.9
 8.0
 1.9
 1.400
 7.6
2002
 3 828
 35 587
 30 155
 5 432
 9.3
 7.9
 1.4
 1.200
 9.4
2003
 3 833
 35 234
 31 757
 3 477
 9.2
 8.3
 0.9
 1.215
 7.6
2004
 3 843
 35 151
 32 616
 2 535
 9.2
 8.5
 0.7
 1.217
 7.2
2005
 3 843
 34 627
 34 402
 225
 9.0
 9.0
 0.1
 1.200
 6.7
2006
 3 843
 34 033
 33 221
 812
 8.9
 8.6
 0.3
 1.176
 7.5
2007
 3 843
 33 835
 35 044
 -1 209
 8.8
 9.1
 -0.3
 1.258
 6.8
2008
 3 842
 34 176
 34 026
 150
 8.9
 8.9
 0.0
 1.285
 6.9
2009
 3 843
 34 550
 35 904
 - 354
 9.0
 9.1
 -0.1
 1.303
 6.5
2010
 3 843
 33 528
 35 118
 -1 590
 8.7
 9.1
 -0.4
 1.266
 6.4
2011
 3 840
 31 811
 35 028
 -3 217
 8.3
 9.1
 -0.8
 1.205
 5.8
2012
 3 836
 32 547
 35 817
 -3 270
 8.5
 9.3
 -0.8
 1.349
 5.4
2013
 3 531
 30 684
 35 662
 -4 978
 8.7
 10.1
 -1.4
 1.276
 5.9
2014
 3 526
 30 268
 35 980
 -5 712
 8.6
 10.2
 -1.6
 1.258
 5.2
2015
 3 518
 29 770
 38 150
 -8 380
 8.5
 10.8
 - 2.3
 1.242
 6.1
2016
 3 511
 29 276
 35 530
 -6 254
 8.6
 10.4
 - 1.8
 1.258
 5.9
2017
 3 347
 29 158
 36 336
 -7 178
 8.7
 10.8
 -2.1



Current vital statistics


[4]


Births



  • from January-June 2017 = Decrease 13,374

  • from January-June 2018 = Decrease 13,045


Deaths



  • from January-June 2017 = Negative increase 18,798

  • from January-June 2018 = Positive decrease 18,639


Natural growth



  • from January-June 2017 = Decrease -5,424

  • from January-June 2018 = Decrease -5,594



Life expectancy at birth



























































Period
 Life expectancy in
Years[5]
1950–1955
 53.67
1955–1960
Increase 58.46
1960–1965
Increase 61.93
1965–1970
Increase 64.73
1970–1975
Increase 67.57
1975–1980
Increase 69.87
1980–1985
Increase 70.72
1985–1990
Increase 71.95
1990–1995
Decrease 70.13
1995–2000
Increase 73.61
2000–2005
Increase 74.83
2005–2010
Increase 75.53
2010–2015
Increase 76.31


Ethnic groups


Main articles: Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina and National minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

According to data from the 2013 census published by the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks constitute 50.11% of the population, Bosnian Serbs 30.78%, Bosnian Croats 15.43%, and others form 2.73%, with the remaining respondents not declaring their ethnicity or not answering.[6]


The census results are contested by the Republika Srpska statistical office and by Bosnian Serb politicians,[7] who oppose the inclusion of non-permanent Bosnian residents in the figures.[8]


The European Union's statistics office, Eurostat, determined that the methodology used by the Bosnian statistical agency was in line with international recommendations.[9]


In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is often linked to ethnicity, i.e. (with the exception of agnostics and atheists) most Bosniaks are Muslim, Serbs are Orthodox Christian, and Croats are Roman Catholic.





























































































































































































































Population of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to ethnic group 1948–1996
Ethnic
group
 census 1948
 census 1953
 census 1961
 census 1971
 census 1981
 census 1991
 census UNHCR 1996
 census 2013[10]
 popul.change 1991–2013
Number
 %
 Number
 %
 Number
 %
 Number
 %
 Number
 %
 Number
 %
 Number
 %
 Number
 %
 Number
 %

Bosniaks
 788,403
 30.7
 891,800
 31.3
 842,248
 25.7
 1,482,430
 39.6
 1,629,924
 39.5
 1,902,956
 43.5
 1,805,910
 46.1
 1,769,592
 50.11
 -133,364
 +6.64%

Serbs
 1,136,116
 44.3
 1,264,372
 44.4
 1,406,057
 42.9
 1,393,148
 37.2
 1,320,644
 32.0
 1,366,104
 31.2
 1,484,530
 37.9
 1,086,733
 30.78
 -279,371
 -0.43%

Croats
 614,123
 23.9
 654,229
 23.0
 711,665
 21.7
 772,491
 20.6
 758,136
 18.4
 760,852
 17.4
 571,317
 14.6
 544,780
 15.43
 -216,072
 -1.95%

Yugoslavs



275,883
 8.4
 43,796
 1.2
 326,280
 7.9
 242,682
 5.5

2,570
 0


Montenegrins
 3,094
 0.1
 7,336
 0.3
 12,828
 0.4
 13,021
 0.3
 14,114
 0.3
 10,071
 0.2

1,883
 0


Roma
 442
 0.0
 2,297
 0.1
 588
 0.0
 1,456
 0.0
 7,251
 0.2
 8,864
 0.2

12,583
 0.4


Albanians



3,642
 0.1
 3,764
 0.1
 4,396
 0.1
 4,925
 0.1

2,569
 0

Others/undeclared
 23,099
 0.9
 27,756
 1.0
 28,679
 0.8
 36,005
 1
 63,263
 1.5
 80,579
 1.9
 58,196
 1.5
 110,449
 3

Total
 2,565,277
 2,847,790
 3,277,948
 3,746,111
 4,124,008
 4,376,403
 3,919,953
 3,531,159







  • Ethnic structure in 1895







  • Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013






Languages


Bosnia's constitution does not specify any official languages;[11][12][13] however, academics Hilary Footitt and Michael Kelly note that the Dayton Agreement states that it is "done in Bosnian, Croatian, English and Serbian", and they describe this as the "de facto recognition of three official languages" at the state level. The equal status of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian was verified by the Constitutional Court in 2000.[13] It ruled that the provisions of the Federation and Republika Srpska constitutions on language were incompatible with the state constitution, since they only recognised "Bosniak" and Croatian (in the case of the Federation) and Serbian (in the case of Republika Srpska) as official languages at the entity level.[citation needed]


As a result, the wording of the entity constitutions was changed and all three languages were made official in both entities.[13] The three languages are mutually intelligible and are also known collectively as Serbo-Croatian. Use of one of the three varieties has become a marker of ethnic identity.[14] Michael Kelly and Catherine Baker argue: "The three official languages of today's Bosnian state...represent the symbolic assertion of national identity over the pragmatism of mutual intelligibility".[15]


All standard varieties are based on the Ijekavian varieties of the Shtokavian dialect (non-standard spoken varieties including, beside Ijekavian, also Ikavian Shtokavian). Serbian and Bosnian are written in both Latin and Cyrillic (the latter predominantly using the Latin script), whereas Croatian is written only in Latin alphabet. There are also some speakers of Italian, German, Turkish and Ladino. Yugoslav Sign Language is used with Croatian and Serbian variants.[citation needed]


According to the results of the 2013 census, 52.86% of the population consider their mother tongue to be Bosnian, 30.76% Serbian, 14.6% Croatian and 1.57% another language, with 0.21% not giving an answer.[6]






  • Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of the Bosnian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of the Serbian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of the Croatian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013






Religion


Main article: Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina

According to the 2013 census, 50.7% of the population identify religiously as Muslim, 30.75% as Serbian Orthodox Christian, 15.19% as Roman Catholic, 1.15% as other, 1.1% as agnostic or atheist, with the remainder not declaring their religion or not answering.[6] A 2012 survey found that 54% of Bosnia's Muslims are non-denominational Muslims, while 38% follow Sunnism.[16]
In Bosnia and Herzegovina religion is strongly linked to ethnicity.






  • Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1879







  • Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of Orthodox Christians in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013







  • Share of Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013






Demographic statistics




Population pyramid 2016


The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.



Population


3,871,643 (July 2014 est.)


Age structure



0-14 years: 13.7% (male 272,812/female 256,152)

15-24 years: 12.7% (male 255,074/female 238,428)

25-54 years: 46.7% (male 906,265/female 899,870)

55-64 years: 13.7% (male 253,045/female 276,769)

65 years and over: 13.3% (male 199,515/female 313,713) (2014 est.)



Median age



Total: 40.8 years

Male: 39.4 years

Female: 42.2 years (2014 est.)



Sex ratio



At birth: 1.07 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female

Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2014 est.)



Infant mortality rate



Total: 5.84 deaths/1,000 live births

Male: 5.91 deaths/1,000 live births

Female: 5.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)



Life expectancy at birth



Total population: 76.33 years

Male: 73.33 years

Female: 79.55 years (2014 est.)



HIV/AIDS



Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2007 est.)

People living with HIV/AIDS: 900 (2007 est.)

Deaths: 100 (2001 est.)



Literacy



Definition: age 15 and over can read and write

Total population: 98%

Male: 99.5%

Female: 96.7% (2011 est.)



See also



  • Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians


Religion:



  • Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Serbian Orthodox Church

  • Roman Catholicism in Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina


Groups:



  • Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina



References





  1. ^ "Démographie des pays développés - Bases de données en ligne - Les chiffres - Ined - Institut national d'études démographiques". Ined.fr. Retrieved 4 January 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Agencija za statistiku BiH". Bhas.ba. Retrieved 4 January 2018.


  3. ^ "DEMOGRAPHY 2013" (PDF). Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ISSN 1840-104X.


  4. ^ "Demography and Social Statistics > Population". Agencija za statistiku BiH. Retrieved 16 October 2018.


  5. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.


  6. ^ abc "Census of population, households and dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013: Final results" (PDF). Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. June 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.


  7. ^ Toe, Rodolfo (30 June 2016). "Census Reveals Bosnia's Changed Demography". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 1 July 2016.


  8. ^ Toe, Rodolfo (30 June 2016). "Bosnia to Publish Census Without Serb Agreement". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 1 July 2016.


  9. ^ "Bosnia-Herzegovina has lost a fifth of its pre-war population". The Guardian. 2016.


  10. ^ "1. Stanovništvo prema etničkoj/nacionalnoj pripadnosti - detaljna klasifikacija". Popis.gov.ba. Retrieved 28 December 2017.


  11. ^ Faingold, Eduardo D. (2004). "Language rights and language justice in the constitutions of the world". Language Problems & Language Planning. 28 (1): 11–24. doi:10.1075/lplp.28.1.03fai.


  12. ^ Sadurski, Wojciech (2005). Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe. Springer. p. 342. ISBN 1402030061.


  13. ^ abc Footitt, Hilary; Kelly, Michael (2012). Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 111–120. ISBN 0230368778.


  14. ^ Greenberg, Robert David (2004). Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and its Disintegration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-925815-4.


  15. ^ Kelly, Michael; Baker, Catherine (2013). Interpreting the Peace: Peace Operations, Conflict and Language in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 10. ISBN 1137029838.


  16. ^ "The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity" (PDF). Pew Research Center. 2012. p. 30. Retrieved 7 April 2016.



 This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2009 edition".



External links






  • Living standard measurement survey 2001










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