火箭弹发射器






一名正在发射AT4反坦克火箭筒的士兵


火箭弹发射器（英语：Rocket launcher）指能发射火箭弹的发射器，体积小的火箭弹发射器称为“火箭筒”，体积大、需要借助车辆、飞机携带的火箭弹发射器称为“火箭炮”。


由于外观相似，肩扛式火箭弹发射器（火箭筒）经常与无后座力炮搞混淆，无后座力炮的弹丸是出膛后没有自体动力的，而肩扛式火箭弹发射器发射的火箭弹射出后仍然由火箭发动机提供推力。




目录






  • 1 历史


  • 2 类型


    • 2.1 肩扛式


    • 2.2 火箭炮




  • 3 例子


  • 4 注释


  • 5 外部链接





历史




俄罗斯的TOS-1火箭炮。


1598年，中国明朝人赵士桢发明了一种叫“火箭溜”的火箭弹发射装置，火箭溜可以让火箭弹有一定的射向和射角，它被认为是火箭弹发射器的雏形[1][2]。


带有爆炸物的火箭弹在近代的崛起是出于英军在拿破仑战争中的大量使用，当时发明家康格里夫的康格里夫火箭是在1799年的印度塞林加帕塔围城战中看到了印度火箭受的启发。该火箭的发射器有45公分长的射膛[3]。


20世纪30年代，美国人亨利·莫豪普特设计出了M10榴弹，1940年，在前人的基础上，美国陆军上校莱斯利·斯金纳和中尉爱德华·乌赫尔设计出了M1火箭弹发射器来发射M10榴弹，现代意义上的火箭弹发射器——M1火箭筒正式产生。1942年，M1火箭筒大规模生产并装备部队，美军士兵把这种新型武器谑称为“巴祖卡”。


二战期间，其他国家也开发了肩扛的火箭弹发射器，纳粹德国发明了坦克杀手火箭筒，苏联开发了RPG-2火箭筒等。


二战期间，苏联还研发了由卡车运载的火箭弹发射器——“喀秋莎火箭炮”。


二战结束之后，各国大力发展了新式的火箭弹发射器。



类型



肩扛式





米-24武装直升机携带的UB-32火箭炮。


目前的肩扛型火箭弹发射器有瑞典开发的AT4火箭筒，苏联开发的RPG-7火箭筒，中华人民共和国开发的69式火箭筒和89式火箭筒等。



火箭炮


主条目：火箭炮

火箭炮有苏联的用卡车运载的喀秋莎火箭炮、由攻击机、直升机携带的UB-32火箭炮，中华人民共和国的03式火箭炮等。



例子



  • 十字弓火箭筒

  • 89式火箭筒

  • 03式火箭炮

  • M270火箭炮



注释





  1. ^ 战场上的王道”——RPG从诞生到重生[永久失效連結]


  2. ^ Joseph Needham. Science and Civilisation in China: Military Technology The Gunpowder Epic. Cambridge University Press. 1974: 488. ISBN 978-0-521-30358-3. 


  3. ^ Congreve, William (1814), The Details of the Rocket System J. Whiting, London（p. 19）




外部链接


  • The Details of the Rocket System



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