伯嚭

Multi tool use
伯嚭,(嚭,音「痞」,拼音:pǐ),又作伯否 ,春秋晚期人,出身於楚國貴族,吳王夫差時期太宰,人稱太宰否。
簡介
楚国名臣伯州犁之孙,父親伯郄宛,是楚王左尹,後來被楚国令尹(國相)囊瓦(子常)所殺,並族滅。伯嚭逃難到吳國,得到吳王寵信,屢有升遷,直至宰輔。伯嚭任吳國太宰,貪財好色。吳國擊敗越國時,越卿文種帶著美女珍寶,偷偷獻給伯嚭,伯嚭收受了賄賂。後來伯嚭竭力勸說夫差受降,使得勾踐免於一死。伯嚭陷害伍子胥,伍子胥被迫自刎而死。
前473年,越王勾踐再次率師伐吳。夫差自殺後,越王勾踐進入姑蘇城,上據吳王舊宮,百官稱賀,伯嚭也在朝列中,自以為以前曾於勾踐有周全照顧之功,因此面有得色,向勾踐拜賀。勾踐以“不忠於其君,而外受重賂,與己比周(與越國勾結)”誅殺之[1]。但是,根据《左传》,伯嚭非但没有被越王勾践杀死,而且还做了越国的太宰。前471年,鲁国季孙肥曾贿赂伯嚭[2]。
孔子弟子子貢評論他是:“『太宰否』用事,順君之過以安其私,是殘國之治也。”
在今天的中國江浙一帶,多有用“伯嚭”來形容某一類人(多為貶義)。
如作爲春秋時期吳國核心區域的蘇州、無錫地區便有將惡人、奸佞之徒稱呼為“伯嚭”的説法。在寧波話中“伯嚭”指花言巧語、誇誇其談、好說假話騙取私利的人[3]。金華話中“伯嚭”指善吹牛、愛說空話的人[4]。
世系
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参考文献
^ 《史记》吴太伯世家、越王勾践世家
^ 《左传》哀公二十四年:闰月,公如越,得大子适郢,将妻公,而多与之地。公孙有山使告于季孙,季孙惧,使因大宰嚭而纳赂焉,乃止。
^ 湯珍珠、陳忠敏、吳新賢. 寧波方言詞典. 南京: 江蘇教育出版社. 1997年12月: 297頁. ISBN 7-5343-3120-X (中文(繁體)).
^ 曹志耘. 金華方言詞典. 南京: 江蘇教育出版社. 1996年12月: 244頁. ISBN 7-5343-2881-0 (中文(繁體)).
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