紀元曆

Multi tool use
《紀元曆》是中国古代曆法,北宋姚舜辅編纂,屬於陰陽曆。施行於北宋末年、南宋初年。
《紀元曆》计算出1太陽年为365.24262139日,1朔望月为29.53058984日。岁差约73年西退一度,近点月为27.5547311日。史称《紀元曆》岁实、朔策为古今历法之冠。散失於靖康之变,建炎南渡後宋高宗重购得,后来推行《统元历》。宋徽宗大观元年(1107年)施行《紀元曆》,一说启用于崇宁五年(1106年),停用於南宋绍兴五年(1135年)或绍兴六年(1136年)。步五星以火星、土星最密。姚舜辅创立观测金星定太阳位置的方法,提高了测算太阳精度。
中國曆法
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史前→东漢
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古六曆 周朝?-?
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顓頊曆 BC366?-BC105
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太初曆 BC104-4
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三統曆 5-84
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东漢→魏→晉
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四分曆 85-236
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景初曆 237-444
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晉→南朝
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元嘉曆 445-509
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大明曆 510-589
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吳
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四分曆 222
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乾象曆 223-280
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十六国·后秦
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三紀曆 384-417
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十六国·北凉
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玄始曆 412-460
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蜀漢
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四分曆 221-263
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北朝
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景初曆 398-451
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玄始曆 452-522
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魏→北齐
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正光曆 523-539
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興和曆 540-550
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天保曆 551-577
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魏→北周
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正光曆 523-565
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天和曆 566-578
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北朝→隋
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大象曆 579-583
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開皇曆 584-596
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大業曆 597-618
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唐
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戊寅元曆 619-665
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麟德曆 666-728
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大衍曆 729-762
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五紀曆 763-783
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正元曆 784-806
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觀象曆 807-821
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宣明曆 822-892
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唐→後周
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崇玄曆 893-938
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調元曆 939-943
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崇玄曆 944-955
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遼
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調元曆 961-993
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大明曆 994-1125
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南唐
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中正曆 940-962
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欽天曆[1] 963
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應天曆 964-975
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後周 北宋 南宋
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欽天曆 956-963
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應天曆 964-982
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乾元曆 983-1000
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儀天曆 1001-1023
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崇天曆 1024-1064
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明天曆 1065-1067
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崇天曆 1068-1074
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奉元曆 1075-1093
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觀天曆 1094-1102
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占天曆 1103-1105
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前蜀
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永昌曆 909-912
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正象曆 912-925
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南漢
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南漢曆[2] 917-971
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南宋
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紀元曆 1106-1136
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統元曆 1137-1167
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乾道曆 1168-1176
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淳熙曆 1177-1190
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會元曆 1191-1199
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統天曆 1200-1207
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開禧曆 1208-1250
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淳祐曆 1251-1252
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會天曆 1253-1270
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成天曆 1271-1276
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本天曆 1277-1279
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元
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重修大明曆 1215-1280
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授時曆 1281-1387
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徐宋[3]
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萬壽曆 1350-1362
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金
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大明曆 1127-1181
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重修大明曆 1182-1234
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张周[4]
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明时曆 1354-1357
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明朝
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大統曆 1368-1683
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清朝
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大统历[5] 1637-1644
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時憲曆[6] 1645-1911
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現代
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西曆 農曆 1912—今
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明夏
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先天曆 1363-1371
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太平天國
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太平天曆 1853-1863
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^ 958年以後,南唐奉后周、宋朝年號,但曆法仍舊使用中正曆,直至962年十一月宋朝正式向南唐頒曆後才改用宋曆。
^ 據張金銑《南漢曆法初考》考証,南漢可能自造新曆,因與中原不相往來而未載。
^ 据《玄宫之碑》:1350年(庚寅),徐寿辉建国号宋,曆曰万寿,1360年,徐宋灭亡,明玉珍奉徐宋正朔至1362年。
^ 据《续资治通鉴》、《南村辍耕录》等书,张士诚于元至正十四年(1354年)建立政权,“伪称诚王,国号大周,改元天祐,曆曰明时”。
^ 据汪小虎论文《明代颁曆制度研究》,清朝于崇德二年十月开始颁曆,用大统法。有《大清崇德六年大统曆》残曆为证。
^ 1665年至1670年间,以《大统曆》计算历书,仍名之曰《时宪曆》。1735年,乾隆帝弘历即位,因避讳改“曆”為“書”,稱之為《時憲書》。
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参考文献
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