聚苯胺
聚苯胺（英语：Polyaniline，缩写PANI）是一种半柔性棒導電聚合物中。尽管这一物质早在150年前就已发现，但直到1980年代由于其高导电性的再发现才获得了科学界的极大关注。在诸多導電聚合物与有機半導體中，聚苯胺有着多种吸引人的特性。由于其多种化学性质，聚苯胺成为了近50年来研究地最多的導電聚合物之一[1]。
历史
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As described by Alan MacDiarmid,[2] the first definitive report of polyaniline did not occur until 1862, which included an electrochemical method for the determination of small quantities of aniline.[3]
从20世纪早期开始, occasional reports about the structure of PANI were published. Subsequent to his investigation of other highly-conductive organic materials, MacDiarmid demonstrated the conductive states of polyaniline which arose upon protonic doping of the emeraldine form of polyaniline.[4] Conductive polymers such as polyaniline remain of widespread interest,[5] providing an opportunity to address fundamental issues of importance to condensed matter physics, including, for example, the metal-insulator transition,[6] the Peierls Instability and quantum decoherence.[7]
Synthesis and properties
Figure 1. Main polyaniline structures n+m = 1, x = half degree of polymerization
参考文献
^ Okamoto, Yoshikuko and Brenner, Walter (1964) "Polymers", Ch. 7 pp. 125–158 in Organic Semiconductors, Reinhold.
^ MacDiarmid, Alan G. "Synthetic Metals": A Novel Role for Organic Polymers (Nobel Lecture). Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2001, 40 (14): 2581. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010716)40:14<2581::AID-ANIE2581>3.0.CO;2-2.
^ Letheby, H. XXIX.-On the production of a blue substance by the electrolysis of sulphate of aniline. Journal of the Chemical Society. 1862, 15: 161. doi:10.1039/JS8621500161.
^ Chiang, J.C.; MacDiarmid, A. G. 'Polyaniline': Protonic Acid Doping of the Emeraldine Form to the Metallic Regime. Synthetic Metals. 1986, 1 (13): 193. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(86)90070-6.
^ Heeger, Alan. Nobel Lecture: Semiconducting and metallic polymers: The fourth generation of polymeric materials. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2001, 73 (3): 681. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..681H. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.681.
^ Tzamalis, G.; Zaidi, N.; Monkman, A. Applicability of the localization-interaction model to magnetoconductivity studies of polyaniline films at the metal-insulator boundary. Physical Review B. 2003, 68 (24): 245106. Bibcode:2003PhRvB..68x5106T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245106.
^ Cattena, Carlos J.; Bustos-Marún, Raúl A.; Pastawski, Horacio M. Crucial role of decoherence for electronic transport in molecular wires: Polyaniline as a case study. Physical Review B. 2010, 82 (14): 144201. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82n4201C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144201.
