New York State Senate




upper state chamber of New York State










































































New York State Senate
New York State Legislature
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type

Upper house
Term limits
None
History
New session started
January 2, 2019
Leadership
Lt. Governor

Kathy Hochul (D)
since January 1, 2015
Majority Leader
Temporary President

Andrea Stewart-Cousins (D)
since January 2, 2019
Minority Leader

John J. Flanagan (R)
since January 2, 2019
Structure
Seats 63
New York State Senate.svg
Political groups

Majority caucus (39)

  •      Democratic (39)

Minority caucus (24)




  •      Republican (23)


  •      Democratic (not caucusing) (1)


Length of term
Two years[1]
Authority Article III, New York Constitution
Salary $110,000/year + per diem
Elections
Last election
November 6, 2018
Next election
November 3, 2020
Redistricting Legislative Control
Meeting place
Senate Chamber at New York State Capitol, Albany.jpg
Senate Chamber at New York State Capitol, Albany
Website
NYSenate.gov

The New York State Senate is the upper house of the New York State Legislature. There are 63 seats in the Senate, and its members are elected to two-year terms. There are no limits on the number of terms one may serve.




Contents






  • 1 Partisan composition


  • 2 Recent history


    • 2.1 2009–2010: Democrats control Senate; coup occurs


    • 2.2 2011–2012: Republicans return to power; IDC forms


    • 2.3 2013–2014: Coalition government


    • 2.4 2015–2018: Republicans lead again


    • 2.5 2019–present: Large Democratic majority follows 2018 election success




  • 3 Officers


    • 3.1 Democratic Conference leadership


    • 3.2 Republican Conference Leadership




  • 4 Current members


  • 5 Committee leadership


  • 6 See also


  • 7 Notes


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links





Partisan composition
























































































Affiliation
Partisan composition of State Senate
(Shading indicates majority caucus)

Total



Democratic
Republican





Mainline Caucus

IDC[a]

SF[b]
Vacant
Begin 2013 session
28
4
1
30
63
0

Begin 2015 session[3][4]
24
1
5
1
32
63
0
July 1, 2016[5][6]
25
31
62
1
End 2016 session

Begin 2017 session
24
7
1
31
63
0
End 2018 session
31

Begin 2019
39
1
23
63
0
Latest voting share

7001619000000000000♠61.9%

7000160000000000000♠1.6%

7001365000000000000♠36.5%


The New York State Senate was dominated by the Republican Party for much of the 20th century. Between World War II and the turn of the 21st century, the Democratic Party only controlled the upper house for one year. Following the 1964 presidential election, the Democrats took control of the Senate in 1965; however, the Republicans quickly regained a Senate majority in special elections later that year.


In April 2018, The Wall Street Journal described the State Senate as the "last bastion of power" of the Republican Party in the State of New York.[7] On Election Day 2018, Democrats gained eight Senate seats, taking control of the chamber from the Republicans.[8][9] The following day, The New York Times wrote that the Democrats had "decisively evict[ed] Republicans from running the State Senate, which they [had] controlled for all but three years since World War II."[10] Senate Democrats won 39 of the chamber's 63 seats in total.[11]



Recent history



2009–2010: Democrats control Senate; coup occurs




Democrats won 32 of 62 seats in New York's upper chamber in the 2008 general election on November 4, capturing the majority for the first time in more than four decades.[12][13] Previously, the Republicans had held the chamber for all but one year from 1939 to 2008, even as New York turned almost solidly Democratic at all levels.


However, a power struggle emerged before the new term began. Four Democratic senators—Rubén Díaz Sr. (Bronx), Carl Kruger (Brooklyn), Pedro Espada, Jr. (Bronx), and Hiram Monserrate (Queens)—immediately refused to caucus with their party.[14] The self-named "Gang of Four" refused to back Malcolm Smith (Queens) as the chamber's majority leader and sought concessions.[15] Monserrate soon rejoined the caucus after reaching an agreement with Smith that reportedly included the chairmanship of the Consumer Affairs Committee.[16] The remaining "Gang of Three" reached an initial compromise in early December that collapsed within a week,[17] but was ultimately resolved[18] with Smith becoming majority leader.[19]


At the beginning of the 2009–2010 legislative session, there were 32 Democrats and 30 Republicans in the Senate. On June 8, 2009, then-Senators Hiram Monserrate and Pedro Espada, Jr.--both Democrats—voted with the 30 Republican members to install Senate Republican Leader Dean Skelos (R-Rockville Centre) as the new majority leader of the Senate, replacing Democratic Senate Majority Leader Malcolm Smith.[20][21] The Associated Press described the vote as a "parliamentary coup". The move came after Republican whip Tom Libous introduced a surprise resolution to vacate the chair and replace Smith as temporary president and majority leader. In an effort to stop the vote, Democratic whip Jeff Klein (Bronx) unilaterally moved to recess, and Smith had the lights and Internet cut off; however, they were unable to prevent the vote from being held. In accordance with a prearranged deal, Espada was elected temporary president and acting lieutenant governor while Skelos was elected majority leader.[22]


Following the coup, Senate Democrats voted for John Sampson (D-Brooklyn) to replace Smith as Democratic Leader. On June 14, Monserrate declared that he would once again caucus with the Democrats. This development meant that the Senate was evenly split, 31–31, between the Republican Conference and the Democratic Conference. Due to a vacancy in the office of the Lieutenant Governor, there was no way to break the deadlock.[23]


Between June 8 and the end of the coup on July 9, the Senate did not conduct any official business.[24] According to The New York Times, Espada's power play "threw the Senate into turmoil and hobbled the state government, making the body a national laughingstock as the feuding factions shouted and gaveled over each other in simultaneous legislative sessions."[25] The coup also led to litigation.[26]


On July 9, 2009, the coup ended. Espada rejoined the Senate Democratic Conference after reaching a deal in which he would be named Senate Majority Leader,[25] Sampson would remain Senate Democratic Leader, and Smith would be Temporary President of the Senate during a "transition period" after which Sampson would ascend to the Temporary Presidency.[27] On February 9, 2010, the Senate voted to expel Monserrate from the Senate following a misdemeanor domestic violence conviction.[28] Espada was defeated in a September 2010 primary election[29] in which the Democratic Party backed his challenger, Gustavo Rivera.



2011–2012: Republicans return to power; IDC forms


The Republicans made a net gain of two seats in the 2010 elections to claim a 32–30 majority at the commencement of the January 2011 legislative session.[30] One Republican Senate incumbent (Sen. Frank Padavan of Queens) was defeated on Election Day,[31] while Democratic candidate David Carlucci was elected to an open seat in Senate District 38[32] that had been vacated due to the death of Republican Senator Thomas Morahan.[33]
Four Democratic incumbents lost their seats to Republicans in the 2010 elections; Sen. Brian Foley was defeated by Lee Zeldin,[34] Sen. Antoine Thompson was defeated by Mark Grisanti,[35] Sen. Darrel Aubertine was defeated by Patty Ritchie,[36] and Craig Johnson[30] was defeated by Jack Martins.[37][38]


Just before the new legislative session convened in January 2011, four Democrats, led by former Democratic whip Jeff Klein, broke away from the main Democratic Conference to form an Independent Democratic Conference (IDC). Klein said that he and his three colleagues, Diane Savino, David Carlucci and David Valesky could no longer support the leadership of Senate Democratic Leader John Sampson.[39]


In March 2011, "Gang of Four" member Senator Carl Kruger surrendered to bribery charges. He later pleaded guilty to those charges in December 2011.[40]



2013–2014: Coalition government


Following the 2010 census, the Senate underwent redistricting and was expanded from 62 to 63 seats effective in January 2013. When all election night results were tabulated on November 6, 2012, Democrats held a total of 33 seats for a three-seat majority. Democrats gained seats in Senate Districts 17 (where Democrat Simcha Felder defeated Republican incumbent David Storobin), 41 (where Terry Gipson defeated Republican incumbent Stephen Saland), and 55 (where Ted O'Brien defeated Sean Hanna), and won an election in the newly-created Senate District 46.[41][42][43] However, on December 4, 2012, it was announced that Senate Republicans had reached a power-sharing deal with the four-member Independent Democratic Conference (IDC). Under their power-sharing arrangement, the IDC and the Senate Republicans to "jointly decide what bills [would] reach the Senate floor each day of the session", would "dole out committee assignments", would "have the power to make appointments to state and local boards", and would "share negotiations over the state budget".[44] Sens. Klein and Skelos also agreed that the title of Senate President would shift back and forth between the two of them every two weeks.[44]


Together, the Senate Republicans and the IDC held enough seats to form a governing majority; that majority was augmented when freshman Sen. Simcha Felder of Brooklyn, a Democrat, chose to join the Senate Republican Conference.[45] Also, former Democratic Senate Majority Leader Malcolm Smith joined the Independent Democrats,[46] only to be expelled from the conference in April 2013 due to a scandal in which Smith attempted to bribe the Republican Party chairs in New York City for a Wilson Pakula to run in the upcoming New York City mayoral election.[47] (The previous Senate Minority Leader, Sen. John L. Sampson, was expelled from his conference on May 6, 2013 following his arrest on embezzlement charges. Sampson was later convicted for making false statements to federal agents in relation to the initial embezzlement case.[48])


Senate District 46 was embroiled in controversy following the 2012 election. Republican George Amedore was sworn in to the State Senate following the election. However, after a recount was completed, Amedore lost by 18 votes to Democrat Cecilia Tkaczyk; this made Amedore the shortest-tenured senator in modern New York history.[49][43] Amedore would eventually win a rematch with Tkaczyk in 2014.[50]


In February 2014, Tony Avella joined the Independent Democratic Conference.[51] Later that year, the IDC announced that it would end its political alliance with the Republicans and create a new one with the Senate Democratic Conference, citing a need "to fight for the core Democratic policies that are left undone."[52] In the 2014 elections, Senate Republicans retook an outright majority in the Senate,[53] The election results meant that Klein lost his position as co-leader, with Skelos taking over as the Senate Majority Leader and Temporary President of the Senate and regaining sole control over which bills would reach the Senate floor.[44][54][55] The IDC members decided to remain allied with the Republicans in the 2015 legislative session[54][56] despite their conference's diminished role.[44]



2015–2018: Republicans lead again


On May 4, 2015, U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara announced the arrest of Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos (along with his son, Adam Skelos) and the arrest of Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver.[57] Within days, Skelos announced that he was stepping down as leader of the Republican Caucus and as Majority Leader. Senator John Flanagan, of Suffolk County, became the new Majority Leader, and the first Majority Leader from Suffolk County.[58] After Skelos was convicted in December 2015, his seat was declared vacant, with a special election to be held on the presidential primary of 2016.[59][60] The special election was won by Democrat Todd Kaminsky, resulting in the Democratic Party having a numerical 32-31 advantage over the Republicans in the State Senate. Despite this, Senator Felder and the members of the IDC chose to remain in coalition with the Republican majority.


Late in 2016, Senator Jesse Hamilton announced his intention to join the IDC if re-elected.[61] The IDC aided Hamilton in his first election in 2014, which had resulted in speculation he would eventually join the conference.[62]


After all 2016 election results were announced, Senate Republicans lost one seat on Long Island and gained an upstate seat in Buffalo. On Long Island, freshman Sen. Michael Venditto was defeated in a close race by Democrat John Brooks.[63] In Buffalo, the open seat vacated by Democratic Sen. Mark Panepinto (who did not seek re-election) was won by Republican Erie County Clerk Chris Jacobs. Sen. Simcha Felder, who tied for most conservative member of the Senate according to the Conservative Party in 2016,[64] announced that he would continue to caucus with the GOP; Felder's move ensured that the Republicans would retain control of the Senate by a margin of 32–31.[65] Newly elected Democratic Sen. Marisol Alcantara also announced that she would join the IDC, after Klein assisted her campaign.[66][67]


Liberal groups in New York State, including the Working Families Party, called on the governor to intervene and pressure Sen. Felder, the IDC, and the Senate Democratic Conference to unite to make New York a united one-party government in opposition to President-elect Donald Trump's incoming administration. Klein criticized those groups along with Minority Leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins for lack of outreach as well as for calling on the governor to intervene in a separate branch of government. On January 2, 2017, Senate Majority Leader Flanagan and Senate IDC Leader Klein announced the continuation of their coalition. Klein, in a statement to the press, opined that the coalition allowed for the passage of bipartisan legislation and the consideration of pragmatic, progressive ideas.[68] The Republicans retained Senate control with 32 votes, including every Senator elected as a Republican and Sen. Felder.[69] In late January 2017, Senator Jose Peralta announced that he was joining the IDC, expanding the IDC to 8 members, the Republican-IDC-Felder coalition to 40 members, and reducing the Democratic conference to 23 members.[70]


On April 4, 2018, the IDC announced that it would dissolve, that its members would rejoin the Senate Democratic Conference, that Stewart-Cousins would continue as Senate Democratic Leader, and that Sen. Klein would become the Deputy Democratic Conference Leader.[71] The announcement followed a meeting called by Governor Andrew Cuomo at which Cuomo requested that the IDC reunite with the Senate Democratic Conference.[71] On April 16, the IDC was dissolved.[72] After the IDC dissolved, the Senate Democratic Conference contained 29 Members, the Senate Republican Conference contained 32 Members (including Sen. Felder), and there were two vacant Senate seats.[73]
After two April 24, 2018 special elections were won by Democrats, the Democrats gained a 32–31 numerical Senate majority; however, Felder continued to caucus with the Republicans, allowing them to maintain a 32–31 majority instead.[74]



2019–present: Large Democratic majority follows 2018 election success



In 2018, five Republican senators--John Bonacic, Tom Croci, John A. DeFrancisco, William J. Larkin Jr., and Kathy Marchione--announced that they would not seek re-election in the fall.[75]


In the September 13, 2018 Democratic primary elections, all eight Democratic senators who had been members of the IDC at the time of its dissolution faced challengers.[76] Six of the challengers prevailed. John Liu defeated Avella,[77]Robert Jackson defeated Alcantara,[78]Alessandra Biaggi defeated Klein,[79]Jessica Ramos defeated Peralta,[80]Zellnor Myrie defeated Hamilton,[81] and Rachel May defeated Valesky.[82] Carlucci and Savino won their respective primaries.[83][84] Another Democratic incumbent, Martin Malave Dilan, was also defeated by a primary challenger (Julia Salazar, a self-described democratic socialist).[85]


On November 6, 2018, the Democratic Party gained eight seats and won control of the State Senate.[8][9] Democratic challengers defeated incumbent Republican Sens. Carl Marcellino, Kemp Hannon, Martin Golden, Terrence Murphy, and Elaine Phillips and won races in three districts (Districts 3, 39, and 42, respectively) in which Republican incumbents had not sought re-election. The mainstream Democrats won 39 seats, a decisive majority.[10][86] In total, enrolled Democrats won 40 of the chamber's 63 seats. Felder offered to rejoin the Democratic Conference, but was turned down.[11] Stewart-Cousins was formally elected Majority Leader and Temporary President on January 9, becoming the first woman to hold the post.[87]



Officers



The Lieutenant Governor of New York is the ex officio President of the Senate. Like the Vice President of the United States, the Lieutenant Governor has a casting vote in the event of a tie, but otherwise may not vote. With few exceptions, the Senate is presided over by the Temporary President, a post which is normally also held by the Majority Leader.


The Senate has one additional officer outside those who are elected by the people. The Secretary of the Senate is a post that is chosen by a majority vote of the senators, and does not have voting power (he/she is allowed, though officially discouraged, from discussing and negotiating legislative matters). The Secretary of the Senate is responsible for administering the Senate's office space, overseeing the handling of bills and the oversight of the sergeants-at-arms and the stenographer. The position is currently held by Alejandra Paulino, who was appointed in December 2018.[88]

































Position
Name
Party
District

President of the Senate/Lieutenant Governor

Kathy C. Hochul
Dem


Temporary President

Andrea Stewart-Cousins
Dem

35

Majority Leader

Andrea Stewart-Cousins
Dem

35
Minority Leader

John J. Flanagan
Rep

2


Democratic Conference leadership



  • Andrea Stewart-Cousins, Majority Leader and Temporary President

  • Michael Gianaris, Deputy Majority Leader and Chair of Democratic Conference

  • Liz Krueger, Chair, Senate Finance Committee

  • Timothy M. Kennedy, Assistant Democratic Conference Leader for Conference Operations

  • Neil D. Breslin, Assistant Democratic Conference Leader for Floor Operations

  • Kevin S. Parker, Democratic Conference Whip

  • Toby Ann Stavisky, Vice Chair of Democratic Conference

  • Velmanette Montgomery, Secretary of the Senate Democratic Conference

  • Joseph P. Addabbo Jr, Assistant Democratic Conference Whip

  • Roxanne J. Persaud, Deputy Democratic Conference Whip

  • Brad Hoylman, Deputy Democratic Conference Floor Leader

  • Gustavo Rivera, Chair of Democratic Conference Program Development

  • Leroy Comrie, Assistant Democratic Conference Leader for Intergovernmental Affairs


[89]



Republican Conference Leadership



  • John J. Flanagan, Minority Leader

  • Joseph Griffo, Deputy Minority Leader

  • Catharine M. Young, Ranking Republican Member, Senate Finance Committee

  • Kenneth P. LaValle, Chairman, Senate Minority Conference

  • James L. Seward, Chair Minority Program Development Committee

  • Josesph E. Robach, Secretary of the Senate Minority Conference

  • Elizabeth Little, Chair, Minority Steering

  • Andrew J. Lanza, Assistant Minority Whip

  • Michael H. Ranzenhofer, Deputy Minority Leader for Economic Development

  • Patrick M. Gallivan, Liaison to the Executive Branch

  • Patricia Ritchie, Deputy Minority Leader for Senate/Assembly Relations*


[89]



Current members



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































District
Senator
Party
First elected
Counties Represented
1 Kenneth LaValle Republican 1976
Suffolk
2 John J. Flanagan Republican 2002 Suffolk
3 Monica Martinez Democratic 2018 Suffolk
4 Phil Boyle Republican 2012 Suffolk
5 James Gaughran Democratic 2018
Nassau, Suffolk
6 Kevin Thomas Democratic 2018 Nassau
7 Anna Kaplan Democratic 2018 Nassau
8 John Brooks Democratic 2016 Nassau, Suffolk
9 Todd Kaminsky Democratic 2016* Nassau
10 James Sanders Democratic 2012
Queens
11 John Liu Democratic 2018 Queens
12 Michael N. Gianaris Democratic 2010 Queens
13 Jessica Ramos Democratic 2018 Queens
14 Leroy Comrie Democratic 2014 Queens
15 Joseph Addabbo, Jr. Democratic 2008 Queens
16 Toby Ann Stavisky Democratic 1999* Queens
17 Simcha Felder Democratic[c]
2012
Kings (Brooklyn)
18 Julia Salazar Democratic 2018 Kings
19 Roxanne Persaud Democratic 2015* Kings
20 Zellnor Myrie Democratic 2018 Kings
21 Kevin S. Parker Democratic 2002 Kings
22 Andrew Gounardes Democratic 2018 Kings
23 Diane Savino Democratic 2004 Kings, Richmond (Staten Island)
24 Andrew J. Lanza Republican 2006 Richmond
25 Velmanette Montgomery Democratic 1984 Kings
26 Brian Kavanagh Democratic 2017* Kings, New York (Manhattan)
27 Brad Hoylman Democratic 2012 New York
28 Liz Krueger Democratic 2002* New York
29 Jose M. Serrano Democratic 2004 New York, Bronx
30 Brian Benjamin Democratic 2017* New York
31 Robert Jackson Democratic 2018 New York
32 Luis Sepúlveda Democratic 2018* Bronx
33 Gustavo Rivera Democratic 2010 Bronx
34 Alessandra Biaggi Democratic 2018 Bronx, Westchester
35 Andrea Stewart-Cousins Democratic 2006 Westchester
36 Jamaal Bailey Democratic 2016 Bronx, Westchester
37 Shelley Mayer Democratic 2018* Westchester
38 David Carlucci Democratic 2010
Rockland, Westchester
39 James Skoufis Democratic 2018
Orange, Rockland, Ulster
40 Peter Harckham Democratic 2018
Dutchess, Putnam, Westchester
41 Susan J. Serino Republican 2014 Dutchess, Putnam
42 Jen Metzger Democratic 2018
Delaware, Orange, Sullivan, Ulster
43 Daphne Jordan Republican 2018
Columbia, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Washington
44 Neil Breslin Democratic 1996
Albany, Rensselaer
45 Betty Little Republican 2002
Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Saint Lawrence, Warren, Washington
46 George A. Amedore, Jr. Republican 2014 Albany, Greene, Montgomery, Schenectady, Ulster
47 Joseph Griffo Republican 2006
Lewis, Oneida, St. Lawrence
48 Patty Ritchie Republican 2010
Jefferson, Oswego, St. Lawrence
49 Jim Tedisco Republican 2016
Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Saratoga, Schenectady
50 Bob Antonacci Republican 2018
Cayuga, Onondaga
51 James Seward Republican 1986 Cayuga, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Herkimer, Otsego, Schoharie, Tompkins, Ulster
52 Fred Akshar Republican 2015*
Broome, Chenango, Delaware, Tioga
53 Rachel May Democratic 2018
Madison, Oneida, Onondaga
54 Pam Helming Republican 2016 Cayuga, Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Tompkins, Wayne
55 Richard Funke Republican 2014 Monroe, Ontario
56 Joseph Robach Republican 2002 Monroe
57 Catharine Young Republican 2005*
Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Livingston
58 Tom O'Mara Republican 2010
Chemung, Schuyler, Steuben, Tompkins, Yates
59 Patrick Gallivan Republican 2010
Erie, Livingston, Monroe, Wyoming
60 Chris Jacobs Republican 2016 Erie
61 Michael H. Ranzenhofer Republican 2008 Erie, Genesee, Monroe
62 Robert G. Ortt Republican 2014 Monroe, Niagara, Orleans
63 Timothy M. Kennedy Democratic 2010 Erie

* Elected in a special election



Committee leadership


As of January 2019, the State Senate committee chairs were as follows (committee chairs are all Democrats):[91]





  • Administrative Regulations Review Commission: TBA


  • Aging: Rachel May


  • Agriculture: Jen Metzger


  • Alcoholism and Drug Abuse: Peter Harckham


  • Banks: James Sanders Jr.


  • Children and Families: Velmanette Montgomery


  • Cities: Robert Jackson


  • Civil Service and Pensions: Andrew Gounardes


  • Codes: Jamaal Bailey


  • Commerce, Economic Development and Small Business: Anna Kaplan


  • Commission on Rural Resources: TBA


  • Consumer Protection: Kevin Thomas


  • Corporations, Authorities and Commissions: Leroy Comrie


  • Crime Victims, Crime and Corrections: Luis Sepúlveda


  • Cultural Affairs, Tourism, Parks and Recreation: Jose M. Serrano


  • Education: Shelley Mayer


  • Elections: Zellnor Myrie


  • Energy and Telecommunications: Kevin Parker


  • Environmental Conservation: Todd Kaminsky


  • Ethics and Internal Governance: Alessandra Biaggi


  • Finance: Liz Krueger


  • Health: Gustavo Rivera


  • Higher Education: Toby Ann Stavisky


  • Housing, Construction and Community Development: Brian Kavanagh


  • Infrastructure and Capital Investment: TBA


  • Insurance: Neil Breslin


  • Investigations and Governmental Operations: James Skoufis


  • Judiciary: Brad Hoylman


  • Labor: Jessica Ramos


  • Select Committee on Libraries: TBA


  • Local Government: James Gaughran


  • Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities: David Carlucci


  • New York City Education Committee: John Liu


  • Racing, Gaming and Wagering: Joseph Addabbo


  • Rules: Andrea Stewart-Cousins


  • Select Committee on Science, Technology, Incubation and Entrepreneurship: Diane Savino


  • Social Services: Roxanne Persaud


  • Select Committee on State-Native American Relations: TBA


  • Transportation: Timothy M. Kennedy


  • Veterans, Homeland Security and Military Affairs: John Brooks




See also



  • List of New York State Senators

  • New York State Assembly

  • New York State Capitol

  • New York Provincial Congress



Notes





  1. ^ The "IDC" abbreviation stands for Independent Democratic Conference.


  2. ^ The "SF" abbreviation stands for Sen. Simcha Felder. Felder is an enrolled Democrat who caucused with the Senate Republican Conference from 2013 through 2018. However, as of January 2019, he is not a member of the Senate Democratic Conference or the Senate Republican Conference.[2]


  3. ^ Felder is an enrolled Democrat. However, as of January 2019, he is not a member of the Senate Democratic Conference or the Senate Republican Conference.[90]




References





  1. ^ "Branches of Government in New York State". New York State Senate, A Guide to New York State's Government. New York State Senate. 1988. Archived from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2009..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-pol-felder-democrats-republicans-senate-20190109-story.html


  3. ^ Hamilton, Matthew; Karlin, Rick (January 8, 2015). "Session begins, lacking drama". Times Union. Retrieved January 16, 2015.


  4. ^ "FBI: Senator embezzled, lied". Retrieved February 8, 2018.


  5. ^ "Todd Kaminsky Win of Skelos' Seat May Not Be Enough to Shift State Senate Control to Democrats". Archived from the original on January 10, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.


  6. ^ "Senator Hassell-Thompson joins Cuomo administration in NYS State Homes and Community Renewal". Retrieved February 8, 2018.


  7. ^ "Democrats Win New York Senate Races". Wall Street Journal. April 24, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2018.


  8. ^ ab Wang, Vivian (November 7, 2018). "Democrats Take Control of New York Senate for First Time in Decade". The New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2018.


  9. ^ ab Campanile, Carl (November 7, 2018). "Democrats take control of NY state Senate for first time in a decade". New York Post. Retrieved December 19, 2018.


  10. ^ ab McKinley, Jesse; Goldmacher, Shane (November 7, 2018). "Democrats Finally Control the Power in Albany. What Will They Do With It?". The New York Times. Retrieved November 12, 2018.


  11. ^ ab Lombardo, David (December 31, 2018). "Wayward state senator not welcomed by Democrats fold". Times Union. Retrieved January 10, 2019.


  12. ^ 2008 Election Results, New York State Board of Elections.


  13. ^ 2008–09 (Post-Election) Partisan Composition of State Legislatures[permanent dead link]National Conference of State Legislatures


  14. ^ New York Times. "Democrats Take State Senate." nytimes.com. November 5, 2008.


  15. ^ Peters, Jeremy W.Democrats Likely to Keep Control of State Senate, The New York Times, November 6, 2008.


  16. ^ Benjamin, Elizabeth. Monserrate Makes A Democratic Deal Archived June 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine The Daily Politics. The Daily News November 8, 2008


  17. ^ Lanza, Michael. Smith Balks After ‘Gang of Three’ Talks Archived December 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine The Queens Tribune December 11, 2008.


  18. ^ Hakim, Danny (February 8, 2018). "Democrats Reach Pact to Lead New York State Senate". Retrieved February 8, 2018 – via NYTimes.com.


  19. ^ Peters, Jeremy W. (February 8, 2018). "Democrats Take Control of New York State Senate". Retrieved February 8, 2018 – via NYTimes.com.


  20. ^ "GOP, 2 Dems flip power balance in NY Senate", The Washington Post, June 8, 2009[dead link]


  21. ^ Odato, James. "Two Democrats join Republicans to topple Smith as Senate leader", Albany Times Union, June 8, 2009 Archived June 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine


  22. ^ [1][dead link]


  23. ^ Lovett, Kenneth (June 15, 2009) State Senate standoff means even bigger mess with Sen. Hiram Monserrate's change of heart. New York Daily News Retrieved June 15, 2009


  24. ^ https://www.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2009/07/06/daily41.html


  25. ^ ab Hakim, Danny (July 9, 2009). "Albany Impasse Ends as Defector Rejoins Caucus". The New York Times. Retrieved November 12, 2018.


  26. ^ BAUMAN, VALERIE. "NY judge tosses Senate case back to lawmakers". Press-Republican. Retrieved January 10, 2019.


  27. ^ Deadlock-Ending Deal Near? Espada To Return To The Democrats Archived July 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. New York Daily News Retrieved July 9, 2009


  28. ^ "NY Senate votes to expel Hiram Monserrate". longisland.news12.com. Retrieved January 10, 2019.


  29. ^ Dolnick, Sam (September 15, 2010). "In N.Y. Legislature Races, Espada and Monserrate Lose". Retrieved January 10, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.


  30. ^ ab "Johnson to appeal ruling of Martins victory". Newsday. New York. December 6, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2012.


  31. ^  . "Padavan Concedes To Avella In Contested Queens Race". NY1.com. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
    [permanent dead link]



  32. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20101106073421/http://www.lohud.com/article/20101103/NEWS03/11030373/State-Senate-Carluccci-defeats-Vanderhoef-for-Morahan-s-seat. Archived from the original on November 6, 2010. Retrieved December 3, 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)


  33. ^  . "Senator Morahan passes away – YNN, Your News Now". Hudsonvalley.ynn.com. Retrieved January 7, 2012.


  34. ^ Bolger, Timothy (November 3, 2010). "LI State Senate Races: Zeldin Ousts Foley, Johnson-Martins a Close Call". Long Island Press. Retrieved January 7, 2012.


  35. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20101206102136/http://online.wsj.com/article/AP37175703f0684855b74303335b2d8acb.html. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)


  36. ^ David Lassman / The Post-Standard (November 18, 2010). "Williams giving up Republican chair in Oswego County". syracuse.com. Retrieved January 7, 2012.


  37. ^ Judy Rattner (December 2, 2010). "Skelos to lead GOP in Senate – LIHerald.com – Nassau County's source for local news, breaking news, sports, entertainment & shopping". LIHerald.com. Retrieved January 7, 2012.


  38. ^ "New York State Legislature Election Results". The New York Times.


  39. ^ Thomas Kaplan; Nicholas Confessore (January 4, 2011). "4 Democrats in State Senate Break With Leaders". The New York Times.


  40. ^ Weiser, Benjamin (2012-04-26). "Carl Kruger Sentenced to Seven Years in Corruption Case". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-11.


  41. ^ https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2012/General/SD_07292013.pdf


  42. ^ "New York State Legislature". Retrieved January 10, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.


  43. ^ ab Vielkind, Jimmy "It's Tkaczyk by just 18 votes," Times Union, January 18, 2013, Retrieved January 19, 2013


  44. ^ abcd Roy, Yancey (December 5, 2012). "Skelos praises his Senate deal with Dems". Newsday. Retrieved October 22, 2018.


  45. ^ Kaplan, Thomas (November 13, 2012). "Newly Elected State Senator, Simcha Felder, Defects to G.O.P". Retrieved February 8, 2018 – via NYTimes.com.


  46. ^ Kaplan, Thomas Coalition Is to Control State Senate as Dissident Democrats Join With the G.O.P., The New York Times, December 4, 2012.


  47. ^ Lovett, Kenneth (April 15, 2013). NYS Senate Independent Democratic Conference To Busted Malcolm Smith: Stay Away. New York Daily News. Retrieved April 16, 2013.


  48. ^ "John Sampson, Once a State Senate Powerhouse, Sentenced to Prison". The New York Times. 2017-01-18. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-11.


  49. ^ United Press International (UPI), " Dem. squeaks into N.Y. Senate by 18 votes," January 18, 2013, Retrieved January 18, 2013


  50. ^ Ariel Zangla (November 5, 2014). "46th NY Senate District: George Amedore ousts Cecilia Tkaczyk". DailyFreeman.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.


  51. ^ "Avella's defection strengthens Senate coalition". Albany Times-Union. February 26, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2018.


  52. ^ Bain, Glenn. "Senate's Independent Democratic Conference announces end to alliance with Republicans – UPDATED". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 11, 2015.


  53. ^ "GOP wins N.Y. Senate, puts Women's Equality Act in flux". Retrieved February 8, 2018.


  54. ^ ab "Klein, diminished but still desired, sides with power". Capital New York. Retrieved February 8, 2017.


  55. ^ admin (March 21, 2016). "Jeff Klein's wild ride". Retrieved October 22, 2018.


  56. ^ "GOP takes full control of NY Senate, but retains 'coalition' with Valesky, IDC". The Post-Standard. Syracuse, New York. Retrieved February 8, 2017.


  57. ^ Craig, Susanne (May 4, 2015). "New York Senate Leader and Son Are Arrested on Corruption Charges". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 2, 2017.


  58. ^ Kaplan, Thomas; Craig, Susanne (May 11, 2015). "Dean Skelos, New York Senate Leader, Vacates Post". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 2, 2017.


  59. ^ Rashbaum, William K.; Craig, Susanne (December 11, 2015). "Dean Skelos, Ex-New York Senate Leader, and His Son Are Convicted of Corruption". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 2, 2017.


  60. ^ Rojas, Rick (January 30, 2016). "Special Election Is Set for April to Fill Seats Left Vacant in Albany". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 2, 2017.


  61. ^ "Brooklyn senator joins breakaway Democrats". Retrieved February 8, 2018.


  62. ^ "Jesse Hamilton promises to join Senate's IDC". Politico PRO. Retrieved January 2, 2017.


  63. ^ "Republic state Sen. Venditto concedes race to Democratic challenger". News 12 Long Island. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2017.


  64. ^ "New York Conservative Party".


  65. ^ Yee, Vivian (November 21, 2016). "Simcha Felder, Rogue Democratic Senator, Will Remain Loyal to G.O.P." The New York Times. p. A25. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 2, 2017.


  66. ^ "Alcantara's primary win a major victory for Senate IDC – NY Daily News". Retrieved 2017-01-03.


  67. ^ "Alcantara wins race to replace Espaillat, bolsters IDC". Retrieved 2017-01-03.


  68. ^ Lovett, Kenneth (January 2, 2017). "LOVETT: Breakaway Senate Dems will side with GOP". Daily News. New York. Retrieved March 16, 2017.


  69. ^ "NY Senate Legislative Session 1-4-17". Retrieved 13 January 2018.


  70. ^ "Sen. Jose Peralta blasts 'failed' state Democratic leadership". Retrieved February 8, 2018.


  71. ^ ab Goldmacher, Shane (April 4, 2018). "Democrats in New York State Senate Reconcile After Years of Infighting". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2018.


  72. ^ Wang, Vivian (April 16, 2018). "As Session Resumes, a Democratic Truce in Albany Seems Uneasy". The New York Times. Retrieved April 16, 2018.


  73. ^ "IDC agrees to dissolve". Retrieved April 4, 2018.


  74. ^ Campbell, John; Spector, Joseph (April 24, 2018). "Simcha Felder to stick with Senate Republicans, denying potential Democratic control". Rochester Democrat & Chronicle. Retrieved April 24, 2018.


  75. ^ Precious, Tom (May 3, 2018). "Fifth GOP state senator in a week announces retirement plans". Retrieved January 10, 2019.


  76. ^ https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-states-breakaway-democrats-face-primary-challengers-1536597546


  77. ^ Bayside-Douglaston. "NY Election Results: John Liu Ousts Tony Avella In Senate Primary | Bayside, NY Patch". Patch.com. Retrieved September 14, 2018.


  78. ^ , September 13, 2018, by Associated Press. "Former NYC councilman Robert Jackson beats state Sen. Marisol Alcantara | WPIX 11 New York". Pix11.com. Retrieved September 14, 2018.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)


  79. ^ , September 13, 2018, by Associated Press. "Alessandra Biaggi defeats Bronx Sen. Jeff Klein in NY primary | WPIX 11 New York". Pix11.com. Retrieved September 14, 2018.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)


  80. ^ Hallum, Mark. "Ramos upsets Peralta in Democratic primary". TimesLedger. Retrieved September 14, 2018.


  81. ^ Prospect Heights-Crown Heights. "Zellnor Myrie Wins Crown Heights State Senate Race | Prospect Heights, NY Patch". Patch.com. Retrieved September 14, 2018.


  82. ^ Parsnow, Luke (September 13, 2018). "In stunning upset, Rachel May defeats Dave Valesky in state Senate Democratic primary". WSTM. Sinclair Broadcast Group. Retrieved September 14, 2018.


  83. ^ Lieberman, Steve (September 13, 2018). "Carlucci defeats Goldberg in Democratic primary for 38th Senate district". The Journal News. Gannett Company. Retrieved September 14, 2018.


  84. ^ Wang, Vivian (September 13, 2018). "Democratic Insurgents Topple 6 New York Senate Incumbents". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved September 14, 2018.


  85. ^ "Julia Salazar overcomes controversy to notch another victory for democratic socialists". Vox. Retrieved 2018-09-14.


  86. ^ "New York Election Results". November 6, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.


  87. ^ Precious, Tom (January 9, 2018). "After 242 years, a woman is in charge of the State Senate". Buffalo News. Retrieved January 10, 2018.


  88. ^ https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-pol-stewart-cousins-senate-majority-20181216-story.html


  89. ^ ab "Senate Leadership". October 4, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2018.


  90. ^ https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/ny-pol-felder-democrats-republicans-senate-20190109-story.html


  91. ^ Coltin, Jeff (December 11, 2018). "Some surprises as Senate Democrats announce committee chairs". City & State.




External links


  • New York State Senate











Popular posts from this blog

Guess what letter conforming each word

Port of Spain

Run scheduled task as local user group (not BUILTIN)