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The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) is a non-profit non-governmental organization working "to bring together women of different political views and philosophical and religious backgrounds determined to study and make known the causes of war and work for a permanent peace" and to unite women worldwide who oppose oppression and exploitation. WILPF has national sections in 37 countries.

The WILPF is headquartered in Geneva and maintains a United Nations office in New York City.

Organizational history

WILPF developed out of the International Women's Congress against World War I that took place in The Hague, Netherlands, in 1915 and the formation of the International Women's Committee of Permanent Peace;^[1] the name WILPF was not chosen until 1919.^[2][3] The first WILPF president, Jane Addams, had previously founded the Woman's Peace Party in the United States, in January 1915, this group later became the US section of WILPF.^[4] Along with Jane Addams, Marian Cripps and Margaret E. Dungan were also founding members. As of 1920 the US section of WILPF was headquartered in New York City.^[5]Marian Cripps, Baroness Parmoor, who later served as president of its British branch.^[6][7]

Furthermore, Women’s international league for peace and freedom opposed to wars and international conflicts. Since it is an undeniable fact that wars will violate individual’s peace and freedom, the league organised and took formal actions to end the war. The major movements of the league are open letter to UN secretary general to formally end the Korean War, International day for the total elimination of nuclear weapons and statement on weapons, gender-based violence and women human rights defenders. As the league is consisted of women, concentrated professionals are allowed to improve the current issues related to women and people.

Woman's Peace Party (USA)

A forerunner to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the Woman's Peace Party (WPP) was formed in January, 1915 in Washington, D.C. at a meeting called by Jane Addams and Carrie Chapman Catt. The approximately 3,000 women attendees approved a platform calling for the extension of suffrage to women and for a conference of neutral countries to offer continuous mediation as a way of ending war.

WPP sent representatives to a subsequent International Women's Congress for Peace and Freedom, held in The Hague from April 28–30, 1915.

International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915

The 1915 International Congress of Women was organized by the German feminist Anita Augspurg, Germany's first female jurist, and Lida Gustava Heymann (1868–1943) at the invitation of the Dutch pacifist, feminist and suffragist Aletta Jacobs to protest the war then raging in Europe, and to suggest ways to prevent war in the future. The Congress opened on April 28,^[8] wound up on May 1,^[1] and was attended by 1,136 participants from both neutral and belligerent nations,^[9] adopted much of the platform of WPP and established an International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace (ICWPP) with Jane Addams as president. WPP soon became the US Section of ICWPP.

Second International Women's Congress for Peace and Freedom, Zürich, 1919

Jane Addams met with President Woodrow Wilson and is said to have worked out some common ground on peace. However, at their second international congress, held in Zürich in 1919, ICWPP denounced the final terms of the peace treaty ending World War I as a scheme of revenge of the victors over the vanquished that would sow the seeds of another world war. They decided to make their committee permanent and renamed it the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.^[4] WILPF moved its headquarters to Geneva to be near the proposed site of the League of Nations, although WILPF did not endorse empowering that organization to conduct food blockades or to use military pressure to enforce its resolutions. The League called for international disarmament and an end to economic imperialism.^[4] The US branch of WILPF grew in recognition and membership during the post-WWI era, despite some attacks on the organisation as "unpatriotic" during the First Red Scare.^[4] The WILPF supported treaties such as the Washington Naval Treaty and the Kellogg-Briand Pact, regarding them as stepping stones to a peaceful world order.^[4]

During the 1930s, Vera Brittain was the WILPF's Vice-President.^[10]

Prior to the outbreak of World War Two, the League also supported measures to provide relief for Europe's Jewish community.^[4]

Although WIPLF membership is restricted to women, several male peace activists have contributed to WIPLF meetings and publications, including Bart de Ligt^[11] and J. D. Bernal.^[12]

Two WILPF leaders have received the Nobel Peace Prize for their peace efforts and international outlook and work with WILPF: Jane Addams, in 1931 and Emily Greene Balch in 1946.^[13]

WILPF and the United Nations

WILPF has had Consultative Status (category B) with the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) since 1948 and has Special Consultative Relations with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), as well as special relations with the International Labour Organization (ILO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and other organizations and agencies. WILPF has advocates and lobbies for the democratization of the UN, the Security Council and all other UN organizations and agencies; monitors Security Council and General Assembly activities in order to promote reforms; opposes the privatisation and corporatisation of the UN, especially the global compact with corporations; and advocates for the abolition of the Security Council veto.

WILPF today

Positions

WILPF envisions a world free of violence, poverty, pollution and dominance. WILPF stands for equality of all people in a world free of racism, sexism and homophobia; the building of a constructive peace through world disarmament; and the changing of government priorities to meet human needs.^[14]

Broad areas of concern are:

• 
  Disarmament, Demilitarisation and Good governance
  


• Environmental sustainability


• Global Economic Justice
  

PeaceWomen

PeaceWomen is a project of the WILPF, based out of their United Nations office in New York City. Its mission is described on its website as follows:

The PeaceWomen Project promotes the role of women in preventing conflict, and the equal and full participation of women in all efforts to create and maintain international peace and security. PeaceWomen facilitates monitoring of the UN system, information sharing and the enabling of meaningful dialogue for positive impact on women’s lives in conflict and post-conflict environments.^[15]

PeaceWomen's work focuses on six core areas of action to promote its mission:^[15]

• monitoring the UN Security Council's implementation of the Council's Resolution 1325
  


• providing a comprehensive online information source on women, peace and security at www.peacewomen.org
  


• monitoring the UN system's implementation of Resolution 1325


• advocating for the rapid and full implementation of Resolution 1325 and related resolutions


• managing the translation initiative and general outreach related to women, peace and security

Famous Members

WILPF's list of members include Jane Addams, Aletta Jacobs, Alice Walker,^[16]Coretta Scott King,^[17]Madeleine Rees, Cornelia Ramondt-Hirschmann, Selma Meyer, Brandy G. Robinson, Margaret Hills (née Robertson), Shina Inoue Kan, and Emily Greene Balch.

Congresses

WILPF's international records are held at the University of Colorado Boulder. They contain the reports of the congresses.^[18]

• 1st, The Hague, 1915


• 2nd, Zürich, 1919


• 3rd, Vienna, 1921


• 4th, Washington, D.C. 1924


• 5th, Dublin, 1926


• 6th, Prague, 1929


• 7th, Grenoble, 1932


• 8th, Zurich, 1934


• 9th, Luhačovice, 1937


• 10th, Luxembourg, 1946


• 11th, Copenhagen, 1949


• 12th, Paris, 1953


• 13th, Birmingham, 1956


• 14th, Stockholm, 1959


• 15th, Asilomar, 1962


• 16th, The Hague, 1966


• 17th, Nyborg Strand, 1968


• 18th, New Delhi, 1971


• 19th, Birmingham, 1974


• 20th, Tokyo, 1977


• 21st, Hamden, 1980


• 22nd, Gothenburg, 1983


• 23rd, Woudschoten-Zeist, 1986


• 24th, Sydney, 1989


• 25th, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 1992


• 26th, Helsinki, 1995


• 27th, Baltimore, 1998


• 28th, 2001


• 29th, Gothenberg, 2004


• 30th, Santa Cruz, 2007


• 31st, 2011


• 32nd, The Hague, 2015

See also

• A Single Woman (movie)


• A Single Woman (play)


• Danske Kvinders Fredskæde


• Gender and Security Sector Reform


• Jane Addams


• Jeannette Rankin


• People's Council of America for Democracy and Peace


• Raging Grannies


• List of women pacifists and peace activists


• List of anti-war organizations


• List of peace activists


• List of women's organizations


• 
  Helene Stähelin (mathematician) — President of the WILPF's Swiss section 1948—1967


• 
  Gertrude C. Bussey - President of the WILPF's American section 1939 — 1941, and Honorary National President 1960 — 1961 who wrote much of WILPF's history.

Notes

Further reading

• Harriet Hyman Alonso, Peace as a Women's Issue: A History of the U.S. Movement for World Peace and Women's Rights Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1993.


• Gertrude Bussey and Margaret Tims, Pioneers for Peace: Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 1915-1965. Oxford: Alden Press, 1980..


• Carrie A. Foster, The Women and the Warriors: The U.S. Section of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, 1915-1946. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995.


• Catherine Foster, Women for All Seasons: The Story of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1989.


• 
  Leila J. Rupp: "Transnational Women's Movements," European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011.


• Ethel Snowden, A Political Pilgrim in Europe, New York: George H. Doran, 1921.


• 
  Wiltsher, Anne (1985). Most dangerous women: feminist peace campaigners of the Great War (1. publ. ed.). London: Pandora Press. ISBN 0863580106.
  

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

• Official website


• 
  WILPF Australia Section official website, www.wilpf.org.au/


• 
  WILPF United Kingdom Section official website, www.ukwilpf.org.uk/


• 
  WILPF United States Section official website, www.wilpf.org/


• 
  Jane Addams Peace Association, www.janeaddamspeace.org/


• 
  Peace Women, www.peacewomen.org/


• 
  Reaching Critical Will, www.reachingcriticalwill.org/


• 
  Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, International Headquarters records, University of Colorado at Boulder, ucblibraries.Colorado.edu/


• 
  Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, American Section records, Collection DG 043, Swarthmore College, www.swarthmore.edu/


• 
  Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, British Section records, London School of Economics, Archives Division, archives.lse.ac.uk/


• 
  Records, 1915-1977. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.


• Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Collection (ARS.0056), Stanford Archive of Recorded Sound