千层树

Multi tool use

维基百科中的醫療相关内容仅供参考,詳見
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白千層
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白千層樹
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科學分類
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域:
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真核域 Eukarya
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界:
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植物界 Plantae
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門:
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被子植物門 Magnoliophyta
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綱:
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雙子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida
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目:
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桃金娘目(Myrtales)
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科:
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桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)
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屬:
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白千層屬(Melaleuca) L. nom. cons..
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品種
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千层树是生长在澳洲的一个植物属,目前已知有236种,其中230种原产于澳洲,其余生长在印度尼西亚、新几内亚、新喀里多尼亚和马来西亚,为桃金娘科植物。白千層屬,又名千層樹屬。
千层树和红千层(Callistemon)亲缘关系较近,两者主要区别是千层树的雄蕊成束,红千层的雄蕊是分别独立的。
野生的千层树主要生长在靠近水边或沼泽地边缘。
千层树的种类很多,不容易区分,一般为了和红千层区分,都叫做“白千层”。也有小型的被成为“蜜桃金娘”,也有可以提炼香精油的种类,由于提炼出的油叫做“茶油”而被称为“油茶树”(Melaleuca alternifolia),有的灌木树叶当年被早年移居的欧洲人作为茶的代用品。千层树的树皮色泽较淡,但生长在水边的树有时被树叶的颜色侵透显成棕色。
澳洲本土的一些昆虫以千层树的叶为食。
白千层(Melaleuca quinquenervia)被引进美国亚热带地区,想以它们改造沼泽,结果成为一种入侵有害物种。在一些地方則做為行道樹。
千层树提炼的油可以应用到食品和医药工业中,因其具有抑制細菌的功用。
形态
木本植物,多乔木,有些灌木,可生长2-30米高,都是属于长绿树,树皮一层层剥落,所以叫“千层树”。树叶为1-25厘米长,0.5-7厘米宽,边缘光滑,颜色从深绿到灰绿,花沿着树干生长,颜色有白色、粉红色、红色、黄色和绿色。蒴果,每个内含几个种子。
參考資料
- 《樹影花蹤-九龍公園樹木研習徑》,香港園藝學會 著,天地圖書 出版,2005年4月。116-117頁。ISBN 988-211-147-5。
外部链接
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维基物种中的分类信息:千层树
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:千层树
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- 部分种的介绍
- 在美国造成的问题
- 更詳細的白千層介紹
(繁体中文)(英文) 白千層 Baiqianceng 藥用植物圖像資料庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院)
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