Hill station




"Summer resort" redirects here. For a children's summer holiday resort, see summer camp. For summer resorts in Canada, see cottage country. For resort hotels and resort towns in general, see resort.




Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India





Khajjiar, Himachal Pradesh, India




Hill View (Munnar - Kerala)





Murree, Pakistan's most popular hill station


A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley. The term was used mostly in colonial Asia, but also in Africa (albeit rarely), for towns founded by European colonial rulers as refuges from the summer heat, up where temperatures are cooler. In the Indian context, most hill stations are at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft); very few are outside this range.




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 Under British empire in India




  • 2 List of hill stations


    • 2.1 Africa


      • 2.1.1 Madagascar


      • 2.1.2 Morocco


      • 2.1.3 Nigeria


      • 2.1.4 Uganda




    • 2.2 Asia


      • 2.2.1 Bangladesh


      • 2.2.2 Cambodia


      • 2.2.3 China


      • 2.2.4 Hong Kong


      • 2.2.5 India


      • 2.2.6 Indonesia


      • 2.2.7 Iraq


      • 2.2.8 Malaysia


      • 2.2.9 Myanmar


      • 2.2.10 Nepal


      • 2.2.11 Pakistan


      • 2.2.12 Philippines


      • 2.2.13 Sri Lanka


      • 2.2.14 Syria


      • 2.2.15 Vietnam




    • 2.3 Europe


      • 2.3.1 Cyprus


      • 2.3.2 France




    • 2.4 Oceania


      • 2.4.1 Australia






  • 3 See also


  • 4 Gallery


  • 5 References


  • 6 Bibliography


  • 7 External links





History



Under British empire in India


Hill stations in India were established for a variety of reasons.One of the first reasons in the early 1800s, was for the place to act as a sanitorium for the ailing family members of the British rulers.[1] After the revolt of 1857 the "British sought further distance from what they saw as a disease-ridden land by escape to the Himalayas in the north.Other factors included anxieties about the dangers of life in India, among them "fear of degeneration brought on by too long residence in a debilitating land." The hill stations were meant to reproduce the home country, illustrated in Lord Lytton's statement about Ootacamund, in the 1870s, "such beautiful English rain, such delicious English mud."[2]Shimla was officially made the "summer capital of India" in the 1860s and hill stations "served as vital centers of political and military power, especially after the 1857 revolt."[3][4]


Dane Kennedy, following Monika Bührlein, identifies three stages in the evolution of hill stations in India: high refuge, high refuge to hill station, and hill station to town. The first settlements started in the 1820s, primarily as sanitoria. In the 1840s and 1850s, there was a wave of new hill stations, with the main impetus being "places to rest and recuperate from the arduous life on the plains". In the second half of the 19th century, there was a period of consolidation with few new hill stations. In the final phase, "hill stations reached their zenith in the late nineteenth century. The political importance of the official stations was underscored by the inauguration of large and costly public-building projects."[3]:14



List of hill stations


This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Most hill stations, listed by region:



Africa



Madagascar


  • Antsirabe


Morocco


  • Ifrane


Nigeria


  • Jos


Uganda


  • Fort Portal


Asia



Bangladesh



  • Bandarban

  • Jaflong

  • Khagrachari

  • Maulvi Bazaar

  • Rangamati

  • Sreemangal

  • Sylhet



Cambodia


  • Bokor Hill Station


China



  • Guling

  • Mount Mogan

  • Jigongshan

  • Kuliang

  • Beidaihe



Hong Kong


  • Victoria Peak


India


For a complete list, see List of Indian hill stations and Category:Hill stations in India.

Hundreds of hill stations are located in India. The most popular hill stations include:





  • Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh


  • Aritar, Sikkim

  • Dalhousie

  • Dhanaulti


  • Darjeeling, West Bengal

  • Gangtok

  • Gulmarg

  • Kangra

  • Khajjiar

  • Kodaikanal


  • Lonavala – Khandala

  • Mahabaleshwar

  • Matheran

  • Manipal

  • Manali

  • Mount Abu

  • Munnar

  • Mussoorie

  • Nainital


  • Ootacamund ('Ooty')

  • Pachmarhi

  • Shillong

  • Shimla




Indonesia





  • Garut in, West Java


  • Puncak in West Java


  • Batu in East Java


  • Kaliurang in Central Java


  • Munduk in Bali


  • Bedugul in Bali


  • Berastagi in North Sumatra

  • Lembang in West Java

  • Baturaden in Central Java


  • Wonosobo in Central Java

  • Tawangmangu in Central Java


  • Bandungan, Semarang in Central Java


  • Bukittinggi in West Sumatra


  • Padang Panjang in West Sumatra


  • Sawahlunto in West Sumatra


  • Solok in West Sumatra


  • Payakumbuh in West Sumatra


  • Takengon in Aceh


  • Tomohon in North Sulawesi


  • Tana Toraja in South Sulawesi




Iraq



  • Shaqlawa

  • Amedi

  • Rawanduz

  • Sulaymaniyah

  • Batifa



Malaysia


See also: Category:Hill stations in Malaysia


  • Cameron Highlands

  • Fraser's Hill


  • Genting Highlands—founded following Malaysian independence

  • Maxwell Hill

  • Kinabalu National Park

  • Penang Hill

  • Gunung Mulu National Park



Myanmar


See also: Category:Hill stations in Myanmar


  • Kalaw

  • Pyin Oo Lwin

  • Taunggyi

  • Thandaung



Nepal




Village of Namche Bazaar in Nepal




  • Pokhara

  • Namche Bazaar

  • Bandipur

  • Dhulikhel

  • Tansen

  • Nagarkot

  • Gorkha Bazaar

  • Daman

  • Dharan

  • Dhankuta

  • Illam

  • Lumle

  • Kaande

  • Sarangkot

  • Baglung

  • Jomsom

  • Dingboche

  • Kunde

  • Khumjung

  • Lukla

  • Tengboche

  • Phortse

  • Bhimeshwar

  • Besisahar

  • Sandhikharka

  • Tamghas

  • Jomsom

  • Thame

  • Pangboche

  • Phakding

  • Simikot

  • Dunai, Nepal




Pakistan


See also: Category:Hill stations in Pakistan


Khyber Pakhtunkhwa



  • Abbottabad

  • Behrain

  • Kalam Valley

  • Malam Jabba

  • Nathia Gali

  • Shogran

  • Chitral

  • Jahaz Banda


Punjab



  • Bhurban

  • Charra Pani

  • Murree

  • Patriata




Sindh



  • Gorakh Hill

  • Bado Hill Station


Balochistan


  • Ziarat

Gilgit Baltistan



  • Hunza Valley

  • Skardu

  • Astore Valley

  • Gilgit

  • Nagar Valley





Philippines



  • Baguio

  • Salvador Benedicto

  • Mambukal

  • Tagaytay

  • Sagada



Sri Lanka


See also: Category:Hill stations in Sri Lanka

  • Nuwara Eliya


Syria



  • Bloudan

  • Masyaf

  • Qadmous

  • Zabadani

  • Madaya



Vietnam



  • Da Lat

  • Sa Pa

  • Tam Đảo

  • Bà Nà Hills

  • Bạch Mã National Park



Europe



Cyprus


  • Platres


France


  • Les Deux Alpes


Oceania



Australia


  • Mount Macedon


See also



  • Tierra templada

  • Tierra fría



Gallery






  • Antsirabe, Madagascar







  • Ifrane, Morocco







  • Tea plantations in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India







  • Bandarban District, Bangladesh







  • Manali, Himachal Pradesh, India







  • Munnar, Kerala, India







  • Puncak, West Java, Indonesia







  • Cameron Highlands, Malaysia







  • Nainital, Uttarakhand, India







  • Baguio City, Philippines







  • Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka







  • Da Lat, Vietnam







  • Genting Highlands, a hill station founded after the independence of Malaysia.







  • Patnitop, Jammu and Kashmir, India






References





  1. ^ Dane Keith Kennedy (1996). The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj. University of California Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-520-20188-0..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Barbara D. Metcalf; Thomas R. Metcalf (2002). A Concise History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-521-63974-3.


  3. ^ ab Kennedy, Dane (1996). The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj. Berkeley: University of California Press. Retrieved 19 Aug 2014.


  4. ^ Vipin Pubby (1996). Shimla Then and Now. Indus Publishing. pp. 17–34. ISBN 978-81-7387-046-0. Retrieved 16 August 2013.




Bibliography





External video

Booknotes interview with Barbara Crossette on The Great Hill Stations of Asia, August 23, 1998, C-SPAN


  • Crossette, Barbara. The Great Hill Stations of Asia.
    ISBN 0-465-01488-7.

  • Kennedy, Dane. The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj (Full text, searchable). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
    ISBN 0-520-20188-4,
    ISBN 978-0520201880.



External links












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