尚书大传

Multi tool use
《尚書大傳》是对《尚書》的解释性著作,作者和成书时间均无法完全确定。目前只有后人辑本传世,以皮锡瑞本最佳。[1]
《尚书大传》旧题汉·伏胜撰,一般认为是伏生(《史记集解》称“伏生名胜,伏氏碑云”,但“生”和“胜”本通假)的学生张生及欧阳生根据他的解说写成,大概为前200年到前100年之间,属于今文学派著作。书中内容很多只是以《尚书》为引子阐发各种奇谈怪论,所以也有学者认为此书为汉代纬书之滥觞[2];《四库全书》也归之为纬书之属,附諸經解之末。
《汉书·艺文志》有“(《尚书》)《传》四十一篇”之说,但未言作者。《隋书》记载《尚书》三卷,郑玄注,也没有提到伏胜。但《晋书·五行志》提及“文帝时,伏生创纪《大传》”。可能到宋代已经不全,明代已经散失。
《尚书大传》中有關於周武王封箕子於朝鲜之記載,還有《九共》、《帝告》、《歸禾》、《掩誥》等逸篇的傳。
《后汉书·郑玄传》有郑玄注《尚书大传》的记载。《四库全书总目提要》引:“《玉海》載《中興館閣書目》,引鄭康成〈尚書大傳序〉曰:‘蓋自伏生也。伏生爲秦博士,至孝文時年且百歳。張生、歐陽生從其學而受之。音聲猶有譌誤,先後猶有舛差,重以篆隸之殊,不能無失。生終後,數字各論所聞,以己意彌縫其闕,別作章句。又特撰大義,因經屬指,名之曰傳。劉向校書,得而上之。凡四十一篇,銓次爲八十一篇云云。’”此注在唐代以后也逐渐散佚,有清人辑本。
参考文献
^ 谷颖:伏生及《尚书大传》研究
^ 陈寿祺:《尚书大传定本·序》
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