键能





定义


键能通常指在标准状态下气态分子拆开成气态原子时，每种化學鍵所需能量的平均值。


  • 对双原子分子来说，键能就是键的离解能。



































H{displaystyle {ce {H}}}{displaystyle {ce {H}}} F{displaystyle {ce {F}}}{displaystyle {ce {F}}} Cl{displaystyle {{ce {Cl}}}}{displaystyle {ce {Cl}}} Br{displaystyle {ce {Br}}}{displaystyle {ce {Br}}} I{displaystyle {ce {I}}}{displaystyle {ce {I}}} OH{displaystyle {ce {OH}}}{displaystyle {ce {OH}}} N{displaystyle {ce {N}}}{displaystyle {ce {N}}}
NH2{displaystyle {ce {NH2}}}{displaystyle {ce {NH2}}}

H−X{displaystyle {ce {H-X}}}{displaystyle {ce {H-X}}}
 104 (436) 135 (570) 103 (431) 87 (366) 71 (298) 119 (498) 110 ( 460) —

CH3−X{displaystyle {ce {CH3-X}}}{displaystyle {ce {CH3-X}}}
 105 (440) 109 (452) 84 (352) 70 (293) 56 (236) 91 (382) — 87 (365)


关系



  • 键能是热力学能的一部分。


  • 键焓与键能近似相等。

  • 气态分子的原子化能等于全部键能之和。



参见



  • 键长

  • 键级

  • 键偶极矩








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