病死率




病死率（英语：case fatality，fatality rate）在流行病学中指一定时期内患某種疾病患者的中死亡的比率。例如每年病死率为9/10000意思是，在特定的一年中每10000名被诊断为患某病的患者中，平均有9人因得此病死亡。


西班牙流感的病死率大于2.5%[1]，亚洲流感与香港流感的病死率约为0.1%[2]，其他流感的病死率则小于0.1%。[1]


扎伊尔埃博拉病毒是最致命的病毒之一，它的病死率高达90%。[3]狂犬病毒也是极度致命的病毒之一，如果一个未接种疫苗的个体感染狂犬病又未进行预防性治疗的话，其病死率几乎可达100%。



参见



  • 死亡率

  • 大流行严重性指数



参考文献





  1. ^ 1.01.1 Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; David M. Morens†. 1918 influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Emerging Infectious Diseases (Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). January 2006, 12 (1) [2009-04-17]. ISSN 1080-6059.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)


  2. ^ Li, F C K; B C K Choi, T Sly, A W P Pak. Finding the real case-fatality rate of H5N1 avian influenza. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. June 2008, 62 (6): 555–559 [2009-04-29]. ISSN 0143-005X. PMID 18477756. doi:10.1136/jech.2007.064030.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)


  3. ^ King, John W. Ebola Virus. eMedicine. WebMd. April 2, 2008 [2008-10-06]. 













































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生物醫學研究：臨床研究設計 / 试验设计

概觀



  • 臨床試驗
    • Trial protocols（英语：Clinical trial protocol）


  • Academic clinical trials（英语：Academic clinical trials）

  • Clinical study design（英语：Clinical study design）

對照實驗
(EBM I to II-1; A to B)


  • 随机对照试验（雙盲、Open-label trial（英语：Open-label trial））

觀察性研究
(EBM II-2 to II-3; B to C)



  • Cross-sectional study（英语：Cross-sectional study） vs. Longitudinal study（英语：Longitudinal study）, Ecological study（英语：Ecological study）


  • 队列研究

    • Retrospective（英语：Retrospective cohort study）

    • Prospective




  • 病例對照研究 (Nested case-control study（英语：Nested case-control study）)

  • Case series（英语：Case series）

  • Case study（英语：Case study）

  • Case report（英语：Case report）

流行病学/
研究法



  • occurrence（英语：Epidemiological_methods#Measures_of_occurrence）： 發病率（累积发病率）


  • 患病率

    • 點

    • 期間






  • 相关： 絕對關係（Absolute risk reduction（英语：Absolute risk reduction）、Attributable risk（英语：Attributable risk）、Attributable risk percent（英语：Attributable risk percent））


  • 相對關係（相對風險、Odds ratio（英语：Odds ratio）、风险比)




  • 其它（英语：Epidemiological_methods#Other_measures）： End point of clinical trials（英语：End point of clinical trials）

  • Virulence

  • 病毒性

  • 死亡率

  • 病發率

  • 病死率

  • 靈敏度和特異度

  • Likelihood-ratios（英语：Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing）

  • Pre/post-test probability（英语：Pre- and post-test probability）
試驗/測試類型


  • In vitro

  • In vivo

  • Animal testing

  • Animal testing on non-human primates（英语：Animal testing on non-human primates）

  • First-in-man study（英语：First-in-man study）

  • Multicenter trial（英语：Multicenter trial）

  • Seeding trial（英语：Seeding trial）

  • Vaccine trial（英语：Vaccine trial）
臨床試驗分析（英语：Analysis of clinical trials）


  • Risk–benefit ratio（英语：Risk–benefit ratio）

  • 系統綜述

  • Replication（英语：Reproducibility）

  • 元分析

  • 治療意向分析法
對結果的解釋


  • Selection bias（英语：Selection bias）

  • 倖存者偏差

  • 相關不蘊涵因果

  • Null result（英语：Null result）


  • 臨床研究分類

  • 詞彙

  • 主題列表





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