中綴





Disambig gray.svg  本條目介紹的是自然語言的中綴。關於數學的中綴，請見“中缀表示法”。






詞綴


  • 前綴

  • 後綴

  • 環綴

  • 複綴

  • 中綴

  • 間綴

  • 插綴

  • 同綴

  • 超音綴

  • 減綴

中綴（infix），又稱接中辭，是一種置入在一組詞幹（現有字詞）中央的詞綴。它對比於「外綴」（adfix），那連接到詞幹外圍的詞綴，比如前綴或後綴等詞綴。


當標記文字置於行間註記（interlinear gloss）時，詞綴之間用一個连字号（hyphen）隔開。




目录






  • 1 英語


    • 1.1 化學




  • 2 中文


  • 3 其它語言


    • 3.1 印歐語系




  • 4 參見


  • 5 參考文獻





英語


英語幾乎沒有真正的中綴，不過英語確實是有些邊際性的詞綴。有些在口語演講中可以聽到，而更多一些在行話裡會出現。



化學



  • IUPAC命名法中的中綴<-pe->（源自哌啶/piperidine/），標誌著「完全氫化」；以及<-et->（源自乙基/ethyl/），標誌著乙基自由基C2H5。因此，從現有的字詞「甲基吡啶」（picoline）衍生出「甲基哌啶」（pi-pe-coline）；及從「二甲基吡啶」（lutidine）衍生出「二甲基哌啶」（lu-pe-tidine）；而「芬尼」（phenidine）和「花椒油」（xanthoxylin）則衍生出「氨基苯乙醚」（phen-et-idine）及「美花椒内酯」（xanthoxyl-et-in/黄木亭）。


中文


在漢語族的晉語當中，會在詞語插入中綴-(ə)l-，類似於北京話之類的北方方語的兒化現像[1]。



其它語言





關於一系列與infixes有關的詞語，參見維基詞典上Infixes by language的詞語目錄


印歐語系


在部份原始印歐語動詞會在現在式加入鼻化中綴（英语：nasal infix）（例如：m, n）到基本字根（英语：Proto-Indo-European root）去，例如：拉丁語、古希臘語及梵語等。



參見




  • 詞綴

  • 環綴


  • 詞綴互插(interfix)


  • 詞綴固定(transfix)


  • 插詞法(tmesis)

  • 咒罵綴

  • 附著詞素

  • 树的遍历




參考文獻


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  • Alan C. L. Yu (2004) Reduplication in English Homeric Infixation




  1. ^ 徐通锵. 山西平定方言的“儿化”和晋中的所谓嵌“l”词. 中国语文. 1981, (6): 408–415 （中文（简体）‎）. 




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