硬顎近音
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濁硬顎近音 Palatal approximant | |
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ʝ̞ | |
ʝ˕ | |
国际音标编号 | 153 |
编码 | |
HTML码 十进制 | j |
Unicode 十六进制 | U+006A |
X-SAMPA音标 | j |
ASCII音标 | j |
声音 | |
硬顎近音(voiced palatal approximant),又叫硬顎無擦通音,是輔音的一種,用於一些口語中。硬顎無擦通音在國際音標的符號是〈j〉,X-SAMPA音標的符號則是〈j〉。
目录
1 特徵
2 該音見於漢語
3 該音見於其他語言
3.1 英語
3.2 德語
3.3 芬蘭語
3.4 瑞典語
3.5 世界語
4 參考文獻
5 參見
特徵
硬顎無擦通音的特徵:
發音方法是無擦通音/近音,即是將舌頭放近另一個發音部位,但不收窄聲腔,故此不會做成湍流。
發音部位是硬顎,即其以將舌頭中間或背部升至硬顎來發音。
- 發聲類型是濁音,意味着發音時聲帶顫動。
- 本輔音是口腔輔音(口音),表示發音時空氣從只從口裡流出。
- 本輔音為中央輔音,發音時氣流在口腔的中央流過舌面,而不從兩側流過。
氣流特點是經由肺與橫膈膜流出,而非從口腔或喉門流出。
該音見於漢語
普通話中有此音,是開首為[i]的複韻母中[i]的一個弱化讀法,如有(yǒu),原來讀[ʔiɤʊ214],因[i]弱化可能成為[jɤʊ214]。
吳語有此音,如蘇州話「移」字的聲母為[j]。
粵語中有此音,出現在字首和字尾,如醫[jiː55],李[lej35]。
該音見於其他語言
英語
英語中此音以字母y表示,如yes。留意y有時會表示元音而非此音,如happy、mayday。
德語
德語和絕大部分中歐和東歐的語言一樣,以字母j表示此音,如jung(年輕的)。
芬蘭語
芬蘭語中亦會以j表示此音,但在一些口音中字母j亦會用在表示硬顎化的輔音。
瑞典語
日耳曼語族中的語言中均以 j 表示此音,且 j 並不用作標示其他音。瑞典語卻例外,如果 j 和 t 一同出現,成 tj 的話,會讀成 [t̠ɕ]、[ɕ] 或 [ç](視乎口音而定)。
世界語
世界語中此音只會用j表示,j不用作標示其化音(因為世界語是人工語言),如jes(是)。
參考文獻
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參見
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