唇音
Multi tool use
调音部位
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舌形
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- 舌尖
- 舌尖下
- 舌端
- Sulcalization
- 圓頂
- 邊
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次發音
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參見 |
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- 调音
- 调音语音学
- 協同调音輔音
- 雙调音部位輔音
- 喉化
- 调音方法
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唇音通常指嘴唇成阻形成的辅音。单纯的唇音有双唇音和唇齿音，前者（如p、b、m等）的部位是双唇，后者（如f、v等）的部位是上齿和下唇。舌尖和嘴唇成阻的辅音叫做舌唇音，但通常不被认为是唇音，因为主动发音部位是舌头。
中国等韵学术语
在中国传统等韵学中，唇音被分成重唇音和轻唇音两种，前者包括帮p、滂ph、竝b、明m四个声母，也就是双唇音，后者包括非f、敷fh、奉v、微ɱ四个声母，也就是唇齿音。宋元韵图把唇音重和唇音轻交互排列，这在韵图门法中称为“轻重交互”，原因是两套声母在中古汉语当中是互补的，唇音轻只出现在后原音的三等韵，而唇音重不再这个位置出现。敦煌出土的晚唐《守温韵学残卷》已经指出两套声母的区别（守温套用端知类隔的术语把轻重交互也称为“类隔”），但在《切韵》时代，唇音轻尚不存在，后世念唇齿音的字当时都念双唇音。
參見
參考文獻
- Ladefoged, Peter; Ian Maddieson (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
辅音（辅音列表）
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肺部气流音
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部位→
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唇
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舌冠
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舌背
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舌根
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声门
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↓方法
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双唇
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唇齿
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舌唇
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齿
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齿龈
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龈后
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卷舌
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龈颚
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硬颚
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软颚
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小舌
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咽／会厌
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鼻音
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.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}
m̥
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m
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ɱ
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n̼̊
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n̼
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n̥
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n
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ɳ̊
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ɳ
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ɲ̊
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ɲ
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ŋ̊
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ŋ
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ɴ̥
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ɴ
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塞音 (爆破音)
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p
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b
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p̪
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b̪
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t̼
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d̼
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t̪
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d̪
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t
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d
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ʈ
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ɖ
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c
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ɟ
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k
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ɡ
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q
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ɢ
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ʡ
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ʔ
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有咝塞擦音
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ts
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dz
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tʃ
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dʒ
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ʈʂ
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ɖʐ
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tɕ
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dʑ
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无咝塞擦音
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pɸ
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bβ
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p̪f
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b̪v
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tθ
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dð
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tθ̠
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dð̠
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t̠ɹ̠̊˔
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d̠ɹ̠˔
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cç
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ɟʝ
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kx
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ɡɣ
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qχ
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ɢʁ
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ʡħ
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ʡʕ
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ʔh
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有咝擦音
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s
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z
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ʃ
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ʒ
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ʂ
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ʐ
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ɕ
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ʑ
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无咝擦音
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ɸ
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β
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f
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v
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θ̼
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ð̼
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θ
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ð
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θ̱
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ð̠
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ɹ̠̊˔
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ɹ̠˔
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ç
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ʝ
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x
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ɣ
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χ
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ʁ
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ħ
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ʕ
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h
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ɦ
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近音 (无擦通音)
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ʋ̥
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ʋ
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ɹ̥
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ɹ
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ɻ̊
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ɻ
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j̊
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j
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ɰ̊
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ɰ
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闪音 (弹音)
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ⱱ̟
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ⱱ
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ɾ̼
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ɾ̥
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ɾ
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ɽ̊
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ɽ
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ɢ̆
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ʡ̮
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颤音
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ʙ
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r̼
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r̥
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r
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ɽ͡r̥
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ɽ͡r
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ʀ̥
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ʀ
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ʜ
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ʢ
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边塞擦音
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tɬ
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dɮ
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ʈɭ̊˔
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cʎ̥˔
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kʟ̝̊
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ɡʟ̝
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边擦音
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ɬ
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ɮ
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ɭ̊˔
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ʎ̥˔
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ʎ̝
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ʟ̝̊
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ʟ̝
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边近音
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l̼
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l̥
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l
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ɭ̊
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ɭ
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ʎ̥
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ʎ
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ʟ̥
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ʟ
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ʟ̠
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边闪音
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ɺ̼
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ɺ
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ɭ̆
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ʎ̯
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ʟ̆
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非肺部气流音
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单一搭嘴音
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ʘ
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ʘ̬
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ʘ̃
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ǀ
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ǀ̬
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ǀ̃
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ǃ
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ǃ̬
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ǃ̃
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ǂ
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ǂ̬
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ǂ̃
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ǁ
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ǁ̬
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ǁ̃
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ǃ˞
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ǃ̬˞
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ǃ̃˞
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其他搭嘴音
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ʘ̃ˀ
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ʘˀ
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ˀʘ̃
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ʘ͡q
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ʘ͡qχ
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ʘ͡qʼ
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ʘ͡qχʼ
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¡
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ʞ
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内爆音
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ɓ
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ɗ
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ᶑ
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ʄ
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ɠ
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ʛ
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ɓ̥
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ɗ̥
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ᶑ̥
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ʄ̊
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ɠ̊
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ʛ̥
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挤喉音
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pʼ
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tʼ
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ʈʼ
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cʼ
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kʼ
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qʼ
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ʡʼ
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ɸʼ
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fʼ
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θʼ
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sʼ
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ɬʼ
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ʃʼ
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ʂʼ
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ɕʼ
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çʼ
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xʼ
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χʼ
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tθʼ
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tsʼ
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tɬʼ
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tʃʼ
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ʈʂʼ
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tɕʼ
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cçʼ
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cʎ̝̥ʼ
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kxʼ
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kʟ̝̊ʼ
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qχʼ
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协同发音辅音
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↓方法 部位→
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唇舌冠
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齿龈
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唇硬颚
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唇软颚
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鼻音
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n͡m
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ŋ͡m
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塞音
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t͡p
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d͡b
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k͡p
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ɡ͡b
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q͡ʡ
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擦音
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ɧ
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近音
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ɥ̊
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ɥ
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ʍ
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w
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边近音
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ɫ
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——本表格包含语音学符号，在一些浏览器里可能无法正常显示。[幫助]
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——成对的符号中，左右两侧有清浊音之分。其右者为浊音，左者为清音。
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——灰色背景的字段代表被判定为不可能的发音组合。白色背景而无符号的字段代表可能的发音组合，但目前未发现含有此音的语言。
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| 圖表 |
肺部气流音 ‧ 非肺部气流音 ‧ 塞擦音 ‧ 协同调音辅音
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参见：国际音标 · 元音
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