後元音
Multi tool use
國際音標圖表－元音
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前
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次前
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央
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次後
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後
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閉
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•.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}
i
y
•
ɨ
ʉ
•
ɯ
u
•
ɪ
ʏ
•
ɪ̈
ʊ̈
•
ɯ̽
ʊ
•
e
ø
•
ɘ
ɵ
•
ɤ
o
•
e̞
ø̞
•
ə
ɵ̞
•
ɤ̞
o̞
•
ɛ
œ
•
ɜ
ɞ
•
ʌ
ɔ
•
æ
•
ɐ
ɞ̞
•
a
ɶ
•
ä
ɒ̈
•
ɑ
ɒ
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次閉
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半閉
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中
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半開
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次開
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開
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當符號成對出現時，右邊的代表圓唇元音
本頁使用的國際音標符號在一些瀏覽器裡可能無法正常顯示。[幫助]
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查看圖表 |
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参见：国际音标 · 辅音
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後元音（back vowel）是使用於一些口語語言中的一種元音類型。後元音的決定性特徵為舌頭的位置盡可能地朝向嘴巴後面，且沒有會被歸類為子音的壓縮。國際音標承認的後元音有：[1][2]
閉後不圓唇元音
[ɯ]
閉後圓唇元音
[u]
半閉後不圓唇元音
[ɤ]
半閉後圓唇元音
[o]
半開後不圓唇元音
[ʌ]
半開後圓唇元音
[ɔ]
開後不圓唇元音
[ɑ]
開後圓唇元音
[ɒ]
註釋
^ Tsur, Reuven. The Poetic Mode of Speech Perception. Duke University Press. February 1992: 20. ISBN 978-0-8223-1170-6.
^ Scott Moisik, Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins, & John H. Esling (2012) "The Epilaryngeal Articulator: A New Conceptual Tool for Understanding Lingual-Laryngeal Contrasts"
參見
語音學主題列表(List of phonetics topics)
国际音标
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IPA主题
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| 国际音标 |
- 国际语音学学会
- 国际音标历史
- 國際音標擴展
- 基尔公约 (1989)
- 国际音标杂志(JIPA)
- 命名约定
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| 语音学 |
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| 特殊主题 |
- 国际音标字母的大小写变化
- 手写国际音标
- 废弃的和非标准的符号
- 英語國際音標列表
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| 编码 |
- SAMPA
- X-SAMPA
- Kirshenbaum
- TIPA
- Unicode中的音标符号
- WorldBet
- 国际音标盲文
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辅音
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肺部气流音
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部位→
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唇
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舌冠
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舌背
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舌根
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声门
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↓方法
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双唇
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唇齿
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舌唇
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齿
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齿龈
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龈后
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卷舌
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龈颚
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硬颚
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软颚
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小舌
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咽／会厌
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鼻音
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m̥
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m
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ɱ
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n̼̊
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n̼
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n̥
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n
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ɳ̊
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ɳ
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ɲ̊
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ɲ
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ŋ̊
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ŋ
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ɴ̥
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ɴ
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塞音 (爆破音)
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p
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b
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p̪
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b̪
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t̼
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d̼
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t̪
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d̪
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t
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d
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ʈ
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ɖ
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c
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ɟ
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k
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ɡ
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q
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ɢ
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ʡ
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ʔ
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有咝塞擦音
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|
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ts
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dz
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tʃ
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dʒ
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ʈʂ
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ɖʐ
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tɕ
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dʑ
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无咝塞擦音
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pɸ
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bβ
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p̪f
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b̪v
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tθ
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dð
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tθ̠
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dð̠
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t̠ɹ̠̊˔
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d̠ɹ̠˔
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|
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cç
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ɟʝ
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kx
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ɡɣ
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qχ
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ɢʁ
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ʡħ
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ʡʕ
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ʔh
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有咝擦音
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s
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z
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ʃ
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ʒ
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ʂ
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ʐ
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ɕ
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ʑ
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无咝擦音
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ɸ
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β
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f
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v
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θ̼
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ð̼
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θ
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ð
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θ̱
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ð̠
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ɹ̠̊˔
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ɹ̠˔
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|
|
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ç
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ʝ
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x
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ɣ
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χ
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ʁ
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ħ
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ʕ
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h
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ɦ
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近音 (无擦通音)
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ʋ̥
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ʋ
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ɹ̥
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ɹ
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ɻ̊
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ɻ
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j̊
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j
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ɰ̊
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ɰ
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闪音 (弹音)
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ⱱ̟
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ⱱ
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ɾ̼
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ɾ̥
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ɾ
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ɽ̊
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ɽ
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ɢ̆
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ʡ̮
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颤音
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ʙ
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r̼
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r̥
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r
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ɽ͡r̥
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ɽ͡r
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ʀ̥
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ʀ
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ʜ
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ʢ
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边塞擦音
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tɬ
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dɮ
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ʈɭ̊˔
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cʎ̥˔
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kʟ̝̊
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ɡʟ̝
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边擦音
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ɬ
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ɮ
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ɭ̊˔
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ʎ̥˔
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ʎ̝
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ʟ̝̊
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ʟ̝
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边近音
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l̼
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l̥
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l
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ɭ̊
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ɭ
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ʎ̥
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ʎ
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ʟ̥
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ʟ
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ʟ̠
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边闪音
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ɺ̼
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ɺ
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ɭ̆
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ʎ̯
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ʟ̆
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非肺部气流音
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单一搭嘴音
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ʘ
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ʘ̬
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ʘ̃
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ǀ
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ǀ̬
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ǀ̃
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ǃ
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ǃ̬
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ǃ̃
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ǂ
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ǂ̬
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ǂ̃
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ǁ
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ǁ̬
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ǁ̃
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ǃ˞
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ǃ̬˞
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ǃ̃˞
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其他搭嘴音
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ʘ̃ˀ
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ʘˀ
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ˀʘ̃
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ʘ͡q
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ʘ͡qχ
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ʘ͡qʼ
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ʘ͡qχʼ
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¡
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ʞ
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内爆音
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ɓ
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ɗ
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ᶑ
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ʄ
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ɠ
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ʛ
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ɓ̥
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ɗ̥
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ᶑ̥
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ʄ̊
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ɠ̊
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ʛ̥
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挤喉音
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pʼ
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tʼ
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ʈʼ
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cʼ
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kʼ
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qʼ
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ʡʼ
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ɸʼ
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fʼ
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θʼ
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sʼ
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ɬʼ
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ʃʼ
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ʂʼ
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ɕʼ
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çʼ
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xʼ
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χʼ
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tθʼ
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tsʼ
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tɬʼ
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tʃʼ
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ʈʂʼ
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tɕʼ
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cçʼ
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cʎ̝̥ʼ
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kxʼ
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kʟ̝̊ʼ
|
qχʼ
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协同发音辅音
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↓方法 部位→
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唇舌冠
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齿龈
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唇硬颚
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唇软颚
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鼻音
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n͡m
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ŋ͡m
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塞音
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t͡p
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d͡b
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k͡p
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ɡ͡b
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q͡ʡ
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擦音
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ɧ
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近音
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ɥ̊
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ɥ
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ʍ
|
w
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边近音
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ɫ
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——本表格包含语音学符号，在一些浏览器里可能无法正常显示。[幫助]
|
——成对的符号中，左右两侧有清浊音之分。其右者为浊音，左者为清音。
|
——灰色背景的字段代表被判定为不可能的发音组合。白色背景而无符号的字段代表可能的发音组合，但目前未发现含有此音的语言。
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| 圖表（.png） |
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元音
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|---|
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前
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次前
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央
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次後
|
後
|
閉
|
•
i
y
•
ɨ
ʉ
•
ɯ
u
•
ɪ
ʏ
•
ɪ̈
ʊ̈
•
ɯ̽
ʊ
•
e
ø
•
ɘ
ɵ
•
ɤ
o
•
e̞
ø̞
•
ə
ɵ̞
•
ɤ̞
o̞
•
ɛ
œ
•
ɜ
ɞ
•
ʌ
ɔ
•
æ
•
ɐ
ɞ̞
•
a
ɶ
•
ä
ɒ̈
•
ɑ
ɒ
|
次閉
|
|---|
半閉
|
|---|
中
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半開
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次開
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開
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