庾翼

Multi tool use
庾翼(305年-345年8月16日),字稚恭,颍川郡鄢陵县(今河南省许昌市鄢陵县)人。东晋將領和书法家,权臣庾亮和庾文君之弟,官至征西将军、荆州刺史,世称小庾[1]、庾征西[2],庾小征西[3]。
生平
庾翼風儀秀偉,少有經綸大略。咸和二年(327年),蘇峻之亂爆發,庾翼被庾亮指派白衣領數百人守備石頭城。但於次年蘇峻進攻建康時庾亮抵抗失敗,於是庾翼與庾懌和庾條隨庾亮逃到尋陽投靠溫嶠。
亂事平定後,受太尉府辟命,轉參軍,後遷任從事中郎。庾翼及後先任振威將軍、鄱陽太守,後轉建威將軍、西陽太守,任內安撫百姓,很得百姓歡心。咸康五年(339年),庾亮打算北伐,庾翼加輔國將軍,轉任南蠻校尉,假節領南郡太守,鎮守江陵。但於同年,後趙天王石虎因庾亮的軍事部署而派兵南侵,重鎮邾城被後趙軍攻陷,更圍困石城。庾翼此時屢設奇兵,偷偷將糧食軍需送入石城支援城內。及後竟陵太守李陽拒擊後趙軍,為石城解圍。庾翼因協助石城固守不失而封都亭侯。
次年,庾亮逝世,庾翼獲授都督江荊司雍梁益六州諸軍事,安西將軍、荊州刺史,假節,接替庾亮鎮守武昌。庾翼接手重任後努力不懈,令軍紀和地方管治都嚴明,數年就令官府和人民都財資充實,人們都稱許其才幹。而且歸心者不獨東晉臣民,連後趙黃河以南領地的人民都有歸附之心,建元元年(343年 ),後趙汝南太守戴開更率數千人請降。當時庾翼亦有北伐的大志,以平滅成漢和後趙為己任。更派使者聯結前燕和前涼預備一起出兵。同時,庾翼打算舉兵北伐,並想移鎮襄陽,但怕朝廷不許,於是在上表稱移鎮安陸。但康帝和朝中大臣多派人阻止,庾翼都不聽。庾翼違詔北行到夏口後再度上表,求鎮襄陽。朝廷最終加庾翼都督征討諸軍事,後更進庾翼為征西將軍,領南蠻校尉。
建元二年(344年),康帝和兄長庾冰先後逝世,庾翼回鎮夏口並接管庾冰的部眾。不久朝廷下詔庾翼再督江州並加領豫州刺史,庾翼於是修繕兵器軍備,積存糧食,準備之後舉兵北伐。後又派益州刺史周撫和西陽太守曹據討伐成漢,在江陽擊敗成漢將領李桓。
庾翼在永和元年(345年)患上背疽,病重時表次子庾爰之行輔國將軍、荊州刺史,代替自己的職位;又表司馬朱燾為南蠻校尉,以一千人守巴陵。七月庚午(8月16日),庾翼逝世,虚岁四十一。朝廷追贈車騎將軍,谥号肅侯。
家庭
夫人
子女
庾方之,長子。桓宣死後任義城太守,統領桓宣部眾。後被桓溫以劉惔領義城太守取代。
庾爰之,字仲真,小字園客[5],次子。有父風,後被桓溫所廢。
參考資料
^ 《世說新語·規箴篇》
^ 取其曾任征西將軍,見蘇軾《跋庾征西帖》
^ 征西將軍為庾翼的將軍官號,但其兄庾亮亦曾任此職,故加小作識別,見《世說新語·雅量篇》。
^ 《世说新语注·雅量第六·24》:庾氏传曰:“翼娶高平刘绥女,字静女。”
^ 《世說新語注·識鑒第19》:園客,爰之小字也。庾氏譜曰:「爰之字仲真,翼第二子。」
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