股骨

Multi tool use
body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center}
Femur |
 股骨在人体的位置(以红色显示)
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 股骨的前視圖
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细节 |
肌肉起點 |
Gastrocnemius , Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius
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肌肉終點 |
tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, Gluteus maximus, Iliopsoas
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關節 |
臀部:包含骨盆以上的關節窩 膝蓋:包含以下的脛骨和膝蓋骨
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识别标示 |
Gray's |
p.242
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MeSH |
A02.835.232.500.247
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TA |
A02.5.04.001
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FMA |
FMA:9611
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解剖学术语
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股骨(Os femoris或者简为Femur)是人体最长最粗壮的长骨。股骨位于四肢动物的下肢(或后肢)深面。
股骨上方弯曲,在此有股骨头(Caput femoris),近圆形,其关节面与骨盆形成髋关节。弯曲的部分被称作股骨颈(Collum femoris)。这种弯曲连接能有效降低外界对骨盆的冲击,股骨颈有如一缓冲器。
相对股骨头有一骨性突起,被称为大转子(Trochanter major)。它是臀大肌,臀中肌和臀小肌的附着点。在内侧有小转子(Trochanter minor),它是髂肌和腰大肌的附着点。一些哺乳类动物,(如马,兔)还有第三转子(Trochanter tertius)。
股骨体(Corpus ossis femoris)是众多收肌的附着点。
股骨的下端有两个关节隆起,分别称为内侧髁和外侧髁(Condylus medialis和Condylus lateralis),形成膝关节的一部分。胫骨髁Condyli tibiae和胫骨相连。
病变
股骨最常见的病变是股骨骨折。
股骨头的关节面可以因为磨损,机械撞击,受伤和发炎受到损害。通过手术,可以使用假肢股骨头(还可以与股骨颈一起)被替换。
而股骨膝关节面受损也是很常见的,这也是可以通过手术作义肢解决的。
参见
外部連結
- 解剖學(Anatomy)-骨頭-Femur(股骨)
人体骨骼
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中轴骨 |
颅骨 |
脑颅骨 |
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颜面骨 |
- 鼻骨
- 上颌骨
- 泪骨
- 颧骨
- 腭骨
- 下鼻甲
- 犁骨
- 下颌骨
- 舌骨
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听小骨 |
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脊椎骨 |
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胸腔骨 |
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附肢骨骼 |
上肢 |
胸带:锁骨
- 肩胛骨
臂:肱骨
- 尺骨
- 桡骨
手:腕骨(手舟骨、月骨、三角骨、豌豆骨、大多角骨、小多角骨、头状骨、钩骨)
- 掌骨
指骨(基节骨、中节骨、末节骨)
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下肢 |
骨盆:髋(髂骨、坐骨、耻骨)
人腿:股骨
- 膝盖骨
- 腓骨
- 胫骨
脚:跗骨(跟骨、距骨、舟骨、楔状骨、骰骨)
- 跖骨
趾骨(基节骨、中节骨、末节骨)
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人腿的骨骼
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股骨 |
上端 |
- 股骨头
- 股骨颈
大转子
- 小转子
- 转子间线
- 转子间线嵴
- 方肌结节
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骨幹 |
股骨粗線
- 上部内侧:与转子间线合并
- 上部中间: 肌线
- 上部外侧:臀肌粗隆/第三转子
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下端 |
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胫骨 |
上端 |
- 脛骨小隆凸
- 髁
髁间区
- 髁间后区
- anterior
- intercondylar eminence
- lateral tubercle
- medial tubercle
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骨干 |
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下端 |
內踝
- Anterior colliculus
- Posterior colliculus
- 腓骨切跡
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腓骨 |
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其他 |
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足部 |
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