Zonitidae





































Zonitidae
Temporal range: Paleocene or Cretaceous – Recent[1]


Aegopis verticillus1.jpg
A live individual of Aegopis verticillus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:

Animalia

Phylum:

Mollusca

Class:

Gastropoda

(unranked):

clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra
clade limacoid clade

Superfamily:

Zonitoidea


Mörch, 1864

Family:

Zonitidae



Mörch, 1864[2]


Genera

See text



Zonitidae, common name the true glass snails, are a family of mostly rather small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Zonitoidea.


Zonitidae is the only family in the superfamily Zonitoidea. The family's type genus is Zonites, established by Pierre Denys de Montfort in 1810. This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).




Contents






  • 1 Distribution


  • 2 Shell description


  • 3 Anatomy


  • 4 Ecology


  • 5 Genera


  • 6 Cladogram


  • 7 References


  • 8 Further reading





Distribution


The distribution of the Zonitidae encompasses the western Palearctic.[3]



Shell description


The spiral, heliciform shells of these snails are flattened in shape with a very low spire. The shell is perforate or umbilicate. The lip of the aperture is simple, lacking thickened margin. These shells are more or less transparent as if made of glass, hence the popular name "glass snails". The shells are colorless or of an amber to brownish color.[4]



Anatomy


Some snails in genera within this family create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior.


In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 25 and also lies between 31 and 35, but other values are also possible (according to the values in this table).[5]



Ecology


These snails live in damp places under stones and similar objects. The true glass snails are usually nocturnal.



Genera


Genera within the family Zonitidae include:




  • Aegopis Fitzinger, 1833


  • Aegopinella Lindholm, 1927


  • Balcanodiscus Riedel & Urbanski, 1964


  • Brazieria Ancey, 1887


  • Doraegopis Riedel, 1982


  • Eopolita Pollonera, 1916


  • Gollumia Riedel, 1988


  • Meledella Sturany, 1908


  • Mesomphix Rafinesque, 1819[6]


  • Ogaridiscus Dall, 1877[7]


  • Paraegopis Hesse, 1910


  • Paravitrea Pilsbry, 1898[8]


  • Retinella Fischer, 1877


  • Thasiogenes Riedel, 1998


  • Troglaegopis Riedel & Radja, 1983


  • Turcozonites Riedel, 1987


  • Ventridens Binney & Bland, 1869


  • Zonites Montfort, 1810 – type genus



Cladogram


The following cladogram shows the phylogenic relationships of this family to other families in the limacoid clade:[3]


.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.clade td{border:0;padding:0;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.8em;border:0;padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{border:0;padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}






 limacoid clade 













 Staffordioidea 

Staffordiidae































 Dyakioidea 

Dyakiidae



 Gastrodontoidea 















Pristilomatidae
























Chronidae



















Euconulidae





Trochomorphidae





















Gastrodontidae





Oxychilidae

























 Parmacelloidea 




















Trigonochlamydidae





Parmacellidae





Milacidae

































 Zonitoidea 

Zonitidae



 Helicarionoidea 















Helicarionidae



















Ariophantidae





Urocyclidae









 Limacoidea 















Vitrinidae



















Boettgerillidae



















Limacidae





Agriolimacidae



















References





  1. ^ "Family summary for Zonitidae". AnimalBase, last change 19-09-2006, accessed 4 August 2010.


  2. ^ Mörch, 1864. Fortegnelse over de i Danmark forekommende Land- of Ferskvandbløddyr. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjöbenhavn, 17–22 (fro 1863): 265–367. zonitidae on the page 274.


  3. ^ ab Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379–390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x, JSTOR.


  4. ^ George Washington Tryon 1886. Manual of Conchology, volume 2, Zonitidae.


  5. ^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1–146, cited pages: 139 and 142.



  6. ^ "Standard Report". ITIS. Interagency Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 30 March 2016.


  7. ^ Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn, Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J.D. Williams. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26, Bethesda, Maryland: 526 pp.


  8. ^ "Standard Report". ITIS. nteragency Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 30 March 2016.




Further reading



  • Riedel A. The Zonitidae of Greece. Fauna Graeciae V. 194 pp.

  • Schileyko A. A. (2003). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate mollusks. 10. Ariophantidae, Ostracolethaidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae". Ruthenica, Supplement 2. 1309–1466.













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