高温合金

Multi tool use
高温合金又叫热强合金、超级合金(superalloy)。按基体组织材料可分为三类:铁基、镍基和钴基。按生产方式可分为铸造高温合金、变形高温合金和粉末高温合金。按强化机理可分为碳化物强化、固溶强化、时效强化和弥散强化。
這種材料一般用于航空发动机耐高温材料的制造,特别是喷气发动机最后两级压气机和最初两级涡轮叶片、燃烧室、加力燃烧室、涡轮盘、涡轮叶片及紧固件的制造。目前市場需求主要都是軍用產品,由於其軍工價值所以也被視為战略物资,買賣這種材料被視為與武器貿易相同等級來加以管制,而配方與製造方法、加工使用都是重要機密,各航空大国都在极其保密的条件下研制。
中国高温合金自成系列:
- 变形高温合金,用GH后面跟4位阿拉伯数字表示。第一位是1,表示铁基固溶强化高温合金。第一位是2,表示铁基时效强化高温合金。第一位是3,表示镍基固溶强化高温合金。第一位是4,表示镍基时效强化高温合金。变形高温合金如果用作焊丝,在GH前添加H表示。
- 铸造高温合金,用K后面跟3位阿拉伯数字表示。第一位是2,表示铁基时效强化高温合金。第一位是4,表示镍基时效强化高温合金。
钴基高温合金中国尚未形成体系。
参见
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