  | |||||||||
| Original author(s) | Kevin Systrom, Mike Krieger (Burbn, Inc.) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Developer(s) | |||||||||
| Initial release | October 6, 2010 (2010-10-06) | ||||||||
Stable release(s) [±] | |||||||||
| |||||||||
Preview release(s) [±] | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Operating system | iOS, Android, Windows 10 Mobile, Windows 10 | ||||||||
| Size | ~165.2 MB (iOS), ~39.26 MB (Android) | ||||||||
| Available in | 36 languages (Android), 29 languages (iOS) [7] | ||||||||
| License | Freeware | ||||||||
Alexa rank |  14 (Global, December 2018[update])[8] | ||||||||
| Website | www.instagram.com | ||||||||
Instagram (also known as IG[9]) is a photo and video-sharing social networking service owned by Facebook, Inc. It was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010 exclusively on iOS. A version for Android devices was released a year and 6 months later, in April 2012, followed by a feature-limited website interface in November 2012, and apps for Windows 10 Mobile and Windows 10 in April 2016 and October 2016 respectively.
The app allows users to upload photos and videos to the service, which can be edited with various filters, and organized with tags and location information. An account's posts can be shared publicly or with pre-approved followers. Users can browse other users' content by tags and locations, and view trending content. Users can "like" photos, and follow other users to add their content to a feed.
The service was originally distinguished by only allowing content to be framed in a square (1:1) aspect ratio, but these restrictions were eased in 2015. The service also added messaging features, the ability to include multiple images or videos in a single post, as well as "Stories"—similar to its main competitor Snapchat—which allows users to post photos and videos to a sequential feed, with each post accessible by others for 24 hours each.
After its launch in 2010, Instagram rapidly gained popularity, with one million registered users in two months, 10 million in a year, and 800 million as of September 2017[update]. In April 2012, Facebook acquired the service for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock. As of October 2015[update], over 40 billion photos had been uploaded to the service. Although praised for its influence, Instagram has been the subject of criticism, most notably for policy and interface changes, allegations of censorship, and illegal or improper content uploaded by users.
.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}
Contents
1 History
2 Features and tools
2.1 Explore
2.2 Photographic filters
2.3 Video
2.3.1 IGTV
2.4 Instagram Direct
2.5 Instagram Stories
2.6 Monetization
2.7 Stand-alone apps
2.8 Third-party services
3 User characteristics and behavior
3.1 Users
3.1.1 Demographics
3.2 User engagement
3.3 Trends
4 Criticism
4.1 Content ownership
4.2 Illicit drugs
4.3 Allegations of censorship
4.4 Timeline algorithm
4.5 Negative comments
4.6 Mental health
4.7 "Shadowban"
4.8 Algorithmic advertisement with rape threat
4.9 August 2017 hack
5 Censorship
5.1 China
5.2 Turkey
5.3 North Korea
6 Awards
7 In popular culture
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History
The login and sign-up screen for the Instagram app on the iPhone as of April 2016[update]
Instagram began development in San Francisco, when Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger chose to focus their multi-featured HTML5 check-in project, Burbn, on mobile photography. As Krieger reasoned, Burbn became too similar to Foursquare, and both realized that it had gone too far. Burbn was then pivoted to become more focused on photo-sharing.[10][11] The word Instagram is a portmanteau of instant camera and telegram.[11]
On March 5, 2010, Systrom closed a $500,000 seed funding round with Baseline Ventures and Andreessen Horowitz while working on Burbn.[12] Josh Riedel joined the company in October as Community Manager,[13] Shayne Sweeney joined in November as an engineer,[13] and Jessica Zollman joined as a Community Evangelist in August 2011.[13][14]
Kevin Systrom posted the first photo to Instagram on July 16, 2010.[15][16] The photo shows a dog in Mexico and Systrom's girlfriend's foot; the photo has been enhanced using Instagram's X-PRO2 filter.[17]
On October 6, 2010, the Instagram iOS app was officially released through the App Store.[18][19]
In February 2011, it was reported that Instagram had raised $7 million in Series A funding from a variety of investors, including Benchmark Capital, Jack Dorsey, Chris Sacca (through Capital fund), and Adam D'Angelo.[20] The deal valued Instagram at around $20 million.[21]
On April 3, 2012, Instagram was released for Android phones,[22][23] and it was downloaded more than one million times in less than one day.[24]
In March 2012, The Wall Street Journal reported that Instagram was raising a new round of financing that would value the company at $500 million,[25] details that were confirmed the following month, when Instagram raised $50 million from venture capitalists with a $500 million valuation.[26] The same month, Facebook bought Instagram for $1 billion in cash and stock,[27][28][29] with a plan to keep the company independently managed.[30][31][32] Britain's Office of Fair Trading approved the deal on August 14, 2012,[33] and on August 22, 2012, the Federal Trade Commission in the U.S. closed its investigation, allowing the deal to proceed.[34] On September 6, 2012, the deal between Instagram and Facebook was officially closed.[35]
The deal, which was made just prior to Facebook's scheduled IPO, cost about a quarter of Facebook's cash-on-hand, according to figures documented at the end of 2011.[32] The deal was for a company characterized as having "lots of buzz but no business model", and the price was contrasted with the $35 million Yahoo! paid for Flickr in 2005.[32]Mark Zuckerberg noted that Facebook was "committed to building and growing Instagram independently", in contrast to its past practices.[32] According to Wired, the deal netted Systrom $400 million based on his ownership stake in the business.[36] The exact purchase price was $300 million in cash and 23 million shares of stock.[37]
In November 2012, Instagram launched website profiles, allowing anyone to see users' feeds from their web browsers. However, the website interface was limited in functionality, with notable omissions including the lack of a search bar, a news feed, and the ability to upload photos.[38] In February 2013, the website was updated to offer a news feed,[39] and in June 2015, the website was redesigned to offer bigger photos.[40][41]
On October 22, 2013, during the Nokia World event held in Abu Dhabi, Systrom confirmed the upcoming release of the official Instagram app for Windows Phone,[42] after pressure from Nokia and the public to develop an app for the platform.[43][44] The app was released as a beta version on November 21, 2013, and was lacking the ability to record and upload video, though an Instagram spokesperson stated that "We're not finished, and our team will continue developing the Windows Phone app to keep releasing features and bringing you the best Instagram possible".[45][46] In April 2016, Instagram upgraded the app to Windows 10 Mobile, adding support for video and direct messages,[47] followed by later updates in October 2016 that extended the app to Windows 10 personal computers and tablets.[48][49]
The Android app has received two major exclusive updates. The first, introduced in March 2014, cut the size of the app by half and added significant improvements to performance and responsiveness on a wide variety of Android devices.[50][51]The Verge wrote that the development team had tested the app on devices not for sale in the United States, particularly low-end models like Samsung Galaxy Y, in an effort to improve the app for its userbase located outside the U.S. Engineering manager Philip McAllister told The Verge that "More than 60 percent of our users are outside the US, and Android covers roughly half of total Instagram users".[52] The second update, introduced in April 2017, added an offline mode, in which content previously loaded in the news feed is available without an Internet connection, and users can comment, like, save media, and unfollow users, all of which will take effect once the user goes back online. At the time of the announcement, it was reported that 80% of Instagram's 600 million users are located outside the U.S., and while the aforementioned functionality was live at announcement, Instagram also announced its intention to make more features available offline "in the following months", and that they were "exploring an iOS version".[53][54][55]
Since the app's launch it had used the Foursquare API technology to provide named location tagging. In March 2014, Instagram started testing switching the technology to using Facebook Places.[56][57]
Announced in March 2016 and taking place in June, Instagram switched from a strictly chronological oldest-to-newest news feed to a new, algorithm-based feed. The change received "widespread outcry" following Instagram's March announcement, but Instagram stated that the feature would help users discover lost posts, writing that "You may be surprised to learn that people miss on average 70 percent of their feeds. As Instagram has grown, it's become harder to keep up with all the photos and videos people share. This means you often don't see the posts you might care about the most. To improve your experience, your feed will soon be ordered to show the moments we believe you will care about the most."[58][59][60]
On May 11, 2016, Instagram revamped its design, adding a black-and-white theme for the app and a more abstract, "modern" and colorful icon.[61][62][63] Rumors of a redesign first started circulating in April, when The Verge received a screenshot from a tipster, but at the time, an Instagram spokesperson simply told the publication that "This is a design test only".[64]
On September 24, 2018, Krieger and Systrom announced in a statement they would be stepping down from Instagram.[65][66] On October 1, 2018, it was announced that Adam Mosseri would be the new head of Instagram.[67][68]
Instagram adds alternative text feature to photo posts allowing visual impaired user to listen description for each photos which has alternative text, either automatic generated text or user-input text.[69][70][71]
Features and tools
An original photograph (left) is automatically cropped to a square by Instagram, and has a filter added at the selection of the user (right).
A photo collage of an unprocessed image (top left) modified with the 16 different Instagram filters available in 2011
Users can upload photographs and short videos, follow other users' feeds,[72] and geotag images with the name of a location.[73] Users can set their account as "private", thereby requiring that they approve any new follower requests.[74] Users can connect their Instagram account to other social networking sites, enabling them to share uploaded photos to those sites.[75] In January 2011, Instagram introduced hashtags to help users discover both photos and each other.[76][77] Instagram encourages users to make tags both specific and relevant, rather than tagging generic words like "photo", to make photographs stand out and to attract like-minded Instagram users.[78] In September 2011, a new version of the app included new and live filters, instant tilt–shift, high-resolution photographs, optional borders, one-click rotation, and an updated icon.[79][80] In August 2015, Instagram started allowing users to upload full-size landscape and portrait photos and videos onto the service, dropping the previous requirement of a square frame.[81][82][83] In August 2016, Instagram added a zoom feature that allows users to pinch-to-zoom the screen to virtually zoom in on photos and videos.[84][85] In September 2016, Instagram removed Photo Maps, which previously allowed users to see a map of their geotagged photos. An Instagram spokesperson stated that "Photo Map was not widely used, so we've decided to remove the feature and focus on other priorities".[86][87] In December 2016, Instagram introduced a feature letting users save photos for later viewing. Bookmarked posts get added to a private page in the app.[88][89] The feature was updated in April 2017 to let users organize saved posts into different collections.[90][91]
In February 2017, Instagram announced that users would be able to upload up to ten pictures or videos to one post, with the content appearing as a swipeable carousel.[92][93] The feature originally limited photos to the square format, but received an update in August to enable portrait and landscape photos instead.[94][95] In May, Instagram updated its mobile website to allow users to upload photos, and to add a "lightweight" version of the Explore tab.[96][97] Later in May, Instagram added an "Archive" feature, letting users hide posts in a private storage area, out of visibility for the public and other users. The move was seen as a way to prevent users from deleting photos that don't garner a desired number of "likes" or are deemed boring, but also as a way to limit the "emergent behavior" of deleting photos, which deprives the service of content.[98][99] In August, Instagram announced that it would start organizing comments into threads, letting users more easily interact with replies.[100][101] In April 2018, Instagram launched its version of a portrait mode called "focus mode," which gently blurs the background of a photo or video while keeping the subject in focus when selected.[102]
Instagram shopping allows users to tap on a product they like in Stories and Feed and click a tag that takes them to the company's product list. Users can also build a shopping list inside the platform by tapping on a tag and saving it.[103]
Explore
In June 2012, Instagram introduced "Explore", a tab inside the app that displays popular photos, photos taken at nearby locations, and search.[104] The tab was updated in June 2015 to feature trending tags and places, curated content, and the ability to search for locations.[105] In April 2016, Instagram added a "Videos You Might Like" channel to the tab,[106][107] followed by an "Events" channel in August, featuring videos from concerts, sports games, and other live events,[108][109] followed by the addition of Instagram Stories in October.[110][111] The tab was later expanded again in November 2016 after Instagram Live launched to display an algorithmically-curated page of the "best" Instagram Live videos currently airing.[112] In May 2017, Instagram once again updated the Explore tab to promote public Stories content from nearby places.[113]
Photographic filters
Instagram offers a number of photographic filters that users can apply to their images:
|
|
In February 2012, Instagram added a "Lux" filter, an effect that "lightens shadows, darkens highlights and increases contrast".[123][124]
In December 2014, Slumber, Crema, Ludwig, Aden, and Perpetua were five new filters to be added to the Instagram filter family.[125]
Video
Initially a purely photo-sharing service, Instagram incorporated 15-second video sharing in June 2013.[126][127] The addition was seen by some in the technology media as Facebook's attempt at competing with then-popular video-sharing application Vine.[128][129] In August 2015, Instagram added support for widescreen videos.[130][131] In March 2016, Instagram increased the 15-second video limit to 60 seconds.[132][133] Albums were introduced in February 2017, which allow up to 10 minutes of video to be shared in one post.[92][93]
IGTV
IGTV is a vertical video application launched by Instagram in June 2018. Basic functionality is also available within the Instagram app and website. IGTV allows uploads of up to 10 minutes in length with a file size of up to 650 MB, with verified and popular users allowed to upload videos of up to 60 minutes in length with a file size of up to 5.4 GB.[134] The app automatically begins playing videos as soon as it is launched, which CEO Kevin Systrom contrasted to video hosts where one must first locate a video.[135][136][137]
Instagram Direct
In December 2013, Instagram announced Instagram Direct, a feature that lets users interact through private messaging. Users who follow each other can send private messages with photos and videos, in contrast to the public-only requirement that was previously in place. When users receive a private message from someone they don't follow, the message is marked as pending and the user must accept to see it. Users can send a photo to a maximum of 15 people.[138][139][140] The feature received a major update in September 2015, adding conversation threading and making it possible for users to share locations, hashtag pages, and profiles through private messages directly from the news feed. Additionally, users can now reply to private messages with text, emoji or by clicking on a heart icon. A camera inside Direct lets users take a photo and send it to the recipient without leaving the conversation.[141][142][143] A new update in November 2016 let users make their private messages "disappear" after being viewed by the recipient, with the sender receiving a notification if the recipient takes a screenshot.[144][145] In April 2017, Instagram redesigned Direct to combine all private messages, both permanent and ephemeral, into the same message threads.[146][147][148] In May, Instagram made it possible to send website links in messages, and also added support for sending photos in their original portrait or landscape orientation without cropping.[149][150]
Instagram Stories
In August 2016, Instagram launched Instagram Stories, a feature that allows users to take photos, add effects and layers, and add them to their Instagram story. Images uploaded to a user's story expire after 24 hours. The media noted the feature's similarities to Snapchat.[151][152] In November, Instagram added live video functionality to Instagram Stories, allowing users to broadcast themselves live, with the video disappearing immediately after ending.[153][112] In January 2017, Instagram launched skippable ads, where five-second photo and 15-second video ads appear in-between different stories.[154][155] In April 2017, Instagram Stories incorporated augmented reality stickers, a "clone" of Snapchat's functionality.[156][157][158] In May 2017, Instagram expanded the augmented reality sticker feature to support face filters, letting users add specific visual features onto their faces.[159][160] Later in May, TechCrunch reported about tests of a Location Stories feature in Instagram Stories, where public Stories content at a certain location are compiled and displayed on a business, landmark or place's Instagram page.[161] A few days later, Instagram announced "Story Search", in which users can search for geographic locations or hashtags and the app displays relevant public Stories content featuring the search term.[113][162] In June 2017, Instagram revised its live-video functionality to allow users to add their live broadcast to their story for availability in the next 24 hours, or discard the broadcast immediately.[163] In July, Instagram started allowing users to respond to Stories content by sending photos and videos, complete with Instagram effects such as filters, stickers, and hashtags.[164][165] Stories were made available for viewing on Instagram's mobile and desktop websites in late August 2017.[166][167]
In response to criticism that it copied functionality from Snapchat, CEO Kevin Systrom told Recode that "Day One: Instagram was a combination of Hipstamatic, Twitter [and] some stuff from Facebook like the 'Like' button. You can trace the roots of every feature anyone has in their app, somewhere in the history of technology". Although Systrom acknowledged the criticism as "fair", Recode wrote that "he likened the two social apps' common features to the auto industry: Multiple car companies can coexist, with enough differences among them that they serve different consumer audiences". Systrom further stated that "When we adopted [Stories], we decided that one of the really annoying things about the format is that it just kept going and you couldn't pause it to look at something, you couldn't rewind. We did all that, we implemented that." He also told the publication that Snapchat "didn't have filters, originally. They adopted filters because Instagram had filters and a lot of others were trying to adopt filters as well."[168][169]
Monetization
Following Emily White's appointment to the position of Director of Business Operations in April 2013,[170][171] she stated in an interview with The Wall Street Journal in September 2013 that the company should be ready to begin selling advertising by September 2014 as a way to generate business from a popular entity that had not yet created profit for its parent company.[172] White left Instagram, however, in December 2013, to join Snapchat.[173][174] In August 2014, James Quarles was hired as Instagram's Global Head of Business and Brand Development, a new position within the company focused on overseeing advertisement and sales efforts while developing new "monetization products", according to a spokesperson.[175]
In October 2013, Instagram began its monetization efforts, announcing that, "over the next couple of months", video and image ads would start appearing in between users' photos in the news feed for users in the United States.[176][177] A sample ad from Instagram, featuring the text "Sponsored" at the top right of the image, was the first to be released, with a limited number of brands being allowed to advertise in the early stages.[178][179] Image advertisements officially started appearing in feeds starting November 1, 2013,[180][181] followed by video ads on October 30, 2014.[182][183] In June 2014, Instagram announced the then-upcoming rollout of ads in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, planned for "later this year".[184] The same sample ad from Instagram's launch in the U.S. was shown to users in the United Kingdom in September 2014, with ads rolling out "over the coming weeks".[185]
In March 2015, it announced that it would allow advertisers to buy "carousel ads", a way for brands to upload up to five images that users can swipe through, with options at the end for additional content or a visit to the brand's website.[186][187] Following strong performance of the ad format, Instagram opened up a self-service feature for brands to buy carousel ads the following October,[188][189] and in March 2016, it started allowing video in carousel ads.[190]
In May 2016, Instagram announced the launch of new tools for business accounts, including new business profiles, Insights analytics and the ability to turn posts into ads directly from the Instagram app itself. However, to be eligible for the tools, businesses had to have a Facebook Page, with Quarles stating: "In doing that, it gives us the payment credentials, as well as if they want to prepopulate some of the information like their street address, the phone number, and the website".[191] The Instagram Insights panel, which lets businesses see their top posts, reach, impressions and engagement surrounding their posts as well as user demographics,[191] was rolled out first to the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, with the rest of the world "by the end of the year".[192][191][193]
In February 2016, Instagram announced that it had 200,000 advertisers on the platform.[194] This increased to 500,000 active advertisers in September 2016,[195] and one million in March 2017.[196][197]
Stand-alone apps
Instagram has developed and released three stand-alone apps with specialized functionality. In July 2014, it released Bolt, a messaging app where users click on a friend's profile photo to quickly send an image, with the content disappearing after being seen.[198][199] It was followed by the release of Hyperlapse in August, an iOS-exclusive app that uses "clever algorithm processing" to create tracking shots and fast time-lapse videos.[200][201] Microsoft launched a Hyperlapse app for Android and Windows in May 2015, but there has been no official Hyperlapse app from Instagram for either of these platforms to date.[202] In October 2015, it released Boomerang, a video app that combines photos into short, one-second videos that play back-and-forth in a loop.[203][204]
Third-party services
The popularity of Instagram has led to a variety of third-party services using its functionality and adopting it into formats not officially supported. Examples include services for getting an overview of user statistics, printing photos at social events, turning a large number of photos into thumbnails for a physical book or a large poster, and dedicated apps for viewing Instagram on Mac personal computers.[205]
User characteristics and behavior
The Instagram app, running on the Android operating system
Users
Following the release in October, Instagram had one million registered users in December 2010.[206][207] In June 2011, it announced that it had 5 million users,[208] which increased to 10 million in September.[209][210] This growth continued to 30 million users in April 2012,[209][22] 80 million in July 2012,[211][212] 100 million in February 2013,[213][214] 130 million in June 2013,[215] 150 million in September 2013,[216][217] 300 million in December 2014,[218][219] 400 million in September 2015,[220][221] 500 million in June 2016,[222][223] 600 million in December 2016,[224][225] 700 million in April 2017,[226][227] and 800 million in September 2017.[228][229]
In October 2016, Instagram Stories reached 100 million active users, two months after launch.[230][231] This increased to 150 million in January 2017,[154][155] 200 million in April, surpassing Snapchat's user growth,[156][157][158] and 250 million active users in June 2017.[232][163]
In April 2017, Instagram Direct had 375 million monthly users.[146][147][148]
In June 2011, Instagram passed 100 million photos uploaded to the service.[233][234] This grew to 150 million in August 2011,[235][236] and by June 2013, there were over 16 billion photos on the service.[215] In October 2015, there existed over 40 billion photos.[237]
On August 9, 2012, English musician Ellie Goulding released a new music video for her song "Anything Could Happen." The video only contained fan-submitted Instagram photographs that used various filters to represent words or lyrics from the song, and over 1,200 different photographs were submitted.[238]
Instagram was listed among Time's "50 Best Android Applications for 2013" list.[239]
Demographics
Instagram's users are divided equally with 50% iPhone owners and 50% Android owners. While Instagram has a neutral gender-bias format, 68% of Instagram users are female while 32% are male. Instagram's geographical use is shown to favor urban areas as 17% of US adults who live in urban areas use Instagram while only 11% of adults in suburban and rural areas do so. While Instagram may appear to be one of the most widely used sites for photo sharing, only 7% of daily photo uploads, among the top four photo-sharing platforms, come from Instagram. Instagram has been proven to attract the younger generation with 90% of the 150 million users under the age of 35. From June 2012 to June 2013, Instagram approximately doubled their number of users. As regards income, 15% of US Internet users who make less than $30,000 per year use Instagram, while 14% of those making $30,000 to $50,000, and 12% of users who make more than $50,000 per year do so.[240] With respect to the education demographic, respondents with some college education proved to be the most active on Instagram with 23%. Following behind, college graduates consist of 18% and users with a high school diploma or less make up 15%. Among these Instagram users, 24% say they use the app several times a day.[241]
User engagement
Ongoing research continues to explore how media content on the platform affects user engagement. Past research has found that media which show peoples' faces receive more 'likes' and comments and that using filters that increase warmth, exposure, and contrast also boosts engagement.[242] Users are more likely to engage with images that depict fewer individuals compared to groups and also are more likely to engage with content that has not been watermarked, as they view this content as less original and reliable compared to user-generated content.[243]
Trends
Users on Instagram have created "trends" through hashtags, which are specific keywords combined with a hash symbol that lets them share content with other Instagram users. The trends deemed the most popular on the platform often highlight a specific day of the week to post the material on. Examples of popular trends include #SelfieSunday, in which users post a photo of their faces on Sundays; #MotivationMonday, in which users post motivational photos on Mondays; #TransformationTuesday, in which users post photos highlighting differences from the past to the present; #WomanCrushWednesday, in which users post photos of women they have a romantic interest in or view favorably, as well as its #ManCrushMonday counterpart centered on men; and #ThrowbackThursday, in which users post a photo from their past, highlighting a particular moment.[244][245]
In December 2017, The Verge reported that Instagram would let users press "Follow" on a hashtag, thereby seeing relevant highlights of the topic in their feeds.[246][247]
Criticism
Content ownership
On December 17, 2012, Instagram announced a change to its Terms of Service policy, adding the following sentence:[248]
.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}
To help us deliver interesting paid or sponsored content or promotions, you agree that a business or other entity may pay us to display your username, likeness, photos (along with any associated metadata), and/or actions you take, in connection with paid or sponsored content or promotions, without any compensation to you.
There was no option for users to opt out of the changed Terms of Service without deleting their accounts before the new policy went into effect on January 16, 2013.[249] The move garnered severe criticism from users,[250][251][252] prompting Instagram CEO Kevin Systrom to write a blog post one day later, announcing that they would "remove" the offending language from the policy. Citing misinterpretations about its intention to "communicate that we'd like to experiment with innovative advertising that feels appropriate on Instagram", Systrom also stated that it was "our mistake that this language is confusing" and that "it is not our intention to sell your photos". Furthermore, he wrote that they would work on "updated language in the terms to make sure this is clear".[253][250]
The policy change and its backlash caused competing photo services to use the opportunity to "try to lure users away" by advertising their privacy-friendly services,[254] and some services experienced substantial gains in momentum and user growth following the news.[255] On December 20, Instagram announced that the advertising section of the policy would be reverted to its original October 2010 version.[251][256]The Verge wrote about that policy as well, however, noting that the original policy gives the company right to "place such advertising and promotions on the Instagram Services or on, about, or in conjunction with your Content", meaning that "Instagram has always had the right to use your photos in ads, almost any way it wants. We could have had the exact same freakout last week, or a year ago, or the day Instagram launched".[248]
The policy update also introduced an arbitration clause, which remained even after the language pertaining to advertising and user content had been modified.[257]
Illicit drugs
Instagram has been the subject of criticism due to users publishing images of drugs they are selling on the platform. In 2013, the BBC discovered that users, mostly located in the United States, were posting images of drugs they were selling, attaching specific hashtags, and then completing transactions via instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp. Corresponding hashtags have been blocked as part of the company's response and a spokesperson engaged with the BBC explained:[258][259]
Instagram has a clear set of rules about what is and isn't allowed on the site. We encourage people who come across illegal or inappropriate content to report it to us using the built-in reporting tools next to every photo, video or comment, so we can take action. People can't buy things on Instagram, we are simply a place where people share photos and videos.
However, new incidents of illegal drug trade have occurred in the aftermath of the 2013 revelation, with Facebook, Instagram's parent company, asking users who come across such content to report the material, at which time a "dedicated team" reviews the information.[260]
Allegations of censorship
In October 2013, Instagram deleted the account of Canadian photographer Petra Collins after she posted a photo of herself in which a very small area of pubic hair was visible above the top of her bikini bottom. Collins claimed that the account deletion was unfounded because it did not break any of Instagram's terms and conditions.[261] Audra Schroeder of The Daily Dot further wrote that "Instagram's terms of use state users can't post "pornographic or sexually suggestive photos," but who actually gets to decide that? You can indeed find more sexually suggestive photos on the site than Collins', where women show the side of "femininity" the world is "used to" seeing and accepting."[262] Nick Drewe of The Daily Beast wrote a report the same month focusing on hashtags that users are unable to search for, including #sex, #bubblebutt, and #ballsack, despite allowing #faketits, #gunsforsale and #sexytimes, calling the discrepancy "nonsensical and inconsistent".[263]
Similar incidents occurred in January 2015, when Instagram deleted Australian fashion agency Sticks and Stones Agency's account because of a photograph including pubic hair sticking out of bikini bottoms,[264] and March 2015, when artist and poet Rupi Kaur's photos of menstrual blood on clothing were removed, prompting a rallying post on her Facebook and Tumblr accounts with the text "We will not be censored", gaining over 11,000 shares.[265]
The incidents have led to a #FreetheNipple campaign, aimed at challenging Instagram's removal of photos displaying women's nipples. Although Instagram has not made many comments on the campaign,[266] an October 2015 explanation from CEO Kevin Systrom highlighted Apple's content guidelines for apps published through its App Store, including Instagram, in which apps must designate the appropriate age ranking for users, with the app's current rating being 12+ years of age. However, this statement has also been called into question due to other apps with more explicit content allowed on the store, the lack of consequences for men exposing their bodies on Instagram, and for inconsistent treatment of what constitutes inappropriate exposure of the female body.[267][268]
Timeline algorithm
In April 2016, Instagram began rolling out a change to the order of photos visible in a user's timeline, shifting from a strictly chronological order to one determined by an algorithm.[269] Instagram said the algorithm was designed so that users would see more of the photos by users that they liked,[59] but there was significant negative feedback, with many users asking their followers to turn on post notifications in order to make sure they see updates.[270][271][272] The company wrote a tweet to users upset at the prospect of the change, but did not back down,[273] nor provide a way to change it back.[274]
Negative comments
In response to abusive and negative comments on users' photos, Instagram has made efforts to give users more control over their posts and accompanying comments field. In July 2016, it announced that users would be able to turn off comments for their posts, as well as control the language used in comments by inputting words they consider offensive, which will ban applicable comments from showing up.[275][276] After the July 2016 announcement, the ability to ban specific words began rolling out early August to celebrities,[277] followed by regular users in September.[278] In December, the company began rolling out the abilities for users to turn off the comments and, for private accounts, remove followers.[279][280]
In September 2017, the company announced that public users would be able to limit who can comment on their content, such as only their followers or people they follow. At the same time, it updated its automated comment filter to support additional languages.[281][282]
In June 2017, Instagram announced that it had introduced a new comment moderation system, that will automatically attempt to filter offensive, harassing, and "spammy" comments by default. The system is built using a Facebook-developed deep learning algorithm known as DeepText (first implemented on the social network to detect spam comments), which utilizes natural-language processing techniques, and can also filter by user-specified keywords.[283][284][285]
Mental health
In May 2017, a survey conducted by United Kingdom's Royal Society for Public Health, featuring 1,479 people aged 14–24, asking them to rate social media platforms depending on anxiety, depression, loneliness, bullying and body image, concluded that Instagram was "worst for young mental health". In response, Instagram stated that "Keeping Instagram a safe and supportive place for young people was a top priority".[286][287]
In 2017, researchers from Harvard University and University of Vermont demonstrated a machine-learning tool that successfully outperformed general practitioners' diagnostic success rate for depression. The tool used color analysis, metadata components, and face-detection of users' feeds.[288]
"Shadowban"
In mid-2017, reports surfaced that Instagram had begun efforts to reduce the prominence of accounts using many irrelevant hashtags to increase their respective reach on the social network and users who pay money to a service in order to receive a high amount of post engagement. Known as "shadowbanning", the effort hides applicable accounts from appearing in search results and in the app's Explore section. In a now-deleted Facebook post, Instagram wrote that "When developing content, we recommend focusing on your business objective or goal rather than hashtags".[289][290]
Algorithmic advertisement with rape threat
In 2016, Olivia Solon, a reporter for The Guardian, posted a screenshot to her Instagram profile of an email she had received containing threats of rape and murder towards her. The photo post had received three likes and countless comments, and in September 2017, the company's algorithms turned the photo into an advertisement visible to Solon's sister. An Instagram spokesperson apologized and told The Guardian that "We are sorry this happened – it's not the experience we want someone to have. This notification post was surfaced as part of an effort to encourage engagement on Instagram. Posts are generally received by a small percentage of a person's Facebook friends". As noted by the technology media, the incident occurred at the same time parent company Facebook was under scrutiny for its algorithms and advertising campaigns being used for offensive and negative purposes.[291][292]
August 2017 hack
In August 2017, reports surfaced that a bug in Instagram's developer tools had allowed "one or more individuals" to gain access to the contact information, specifically email addresses and phone numbers, of several high-profile verified accounts, including its most followed user, Selena Gomez. The company said in a statement that it had "fixed the bug swiftly" and was running an investigation.[293][294] However, the following month, more details emerged, with a group of hackers selling contact information online, with the affected number of accounts in the "millions" rather than the previously-assumed limitation on verified accounts. Hours after the hack, a searchable database was posted online, charging $10 per search.[295]The Daily Beast was provided with a sample of the affected accounts, and could confirm that, while many of the email addresses could be found with a Google search in public sources, some did not return relevant Google search results and thus were from private sources.[296]The Verge wrote that cybersecurity firm RepKnight had found contact information for multiple actors, musicians, and athletes,[295] and singer Selena Gomez's account was used by the hackers to post naked photos of her ex-boyfriend Justin Bieber. The company admitted that "we cannot determine which specific accounts may have been impacted", but believed that "it was a low percentage of Instagram accounts", though TechCrunch stated in its report that six million accounts were affected by the hack, and that "Instagram services more than 700 million accounts; six million is not a small number".[297]
Instagram users' passwords were exposed accidentally. According to Instagram, the plaintext passwords for some users who had used the "Download Your Data" feature were included in the URL and also stored on Facebook's servers due to a security bug that was discovered by the Instagram internal team.[298]
Censorship
Censorship of Instagram has occurred in several different countries.
China
Instagram has been blocked by China following the 2014 Hong Kong protests because a lot of videos and photos are posted. Hong Kong and Macau were not affected as they are special administrative regions of China.[299]
Turkey
Turkey is also known for its strict Internet censorship and periodically blocks social media including Instagram.[300]
North Korea
A few days after a fire incident that happened in the Koryo Hotel in North Korea in June 11, 2015, authorities began to block Instagram to prevent photos of the incident being spread out.[301]
Awards
Instagram was the runner-up for "Best Mobile App" at the 2010 TechCrunch Crunchies in January 2011.[302] In May 2011, Fast Company listed CEO Kevin Systrom at number 66 in "The 100 Most Creative People in Business in 2011".[303] In June 2011, Inc. included co-founders Systrom and Krieger in its 2011 "30 Under 30" list.[304]
Instagram won "Best Locally Made App" in the SF Weekly Web Awards in September 2011.[305]7x7Magazine's September 2011 issue featured Systrom and Krieger on the cover of their "The Hot 20 2011" issue.[306] In December 2011, Apple Inc. named Instagram the "App of the Year" for 2011.[307] In 2015, Instagram was named No. 1 by Mashable on its list of "The 100 best iPhone apps of all time," noting Instagram as "one of the most influential social networks in the world."[308]
In popular culture
Instagram model: a term for models who gain their success as a result of the large number of followers they have on Instagram
Instagram Pier: a cargo working area in Hong Kong that gained its nickname due to its popularity on Instagram
See also
- Hyperlapse
- Dronestagram
- GifBoom
- Pheed
- Pixnet
- Timeline of social media
References
^ "Instagram". APKMirror. Android Police. December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "Instagram". App Store. Apple Inc. December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
^ "Instagram". Windows Store. Microsoft. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
^ "Instagram". Windows Store. Microsoft. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
^ "Instagram APKs - APKMirror". APKMirror. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
^ "Instagram APKs - APKMirror". APKMirror. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
^ "How do I change my language settings?". Instagram. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
^ "Instagram.com Traffic, Demographics and Competitors - Alexa". www.alexa.com. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
^ "Do YOU know what social media rules you've signed up to? - CBBC Newsround". Retrieved September 1, 2018.
^ Systrom, Kevin (January 12, 2011). "What is the genesis of Instagram?". Quora. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
^ ab Sengupta, Somini; Perlroth, Nicole; Wortham, Jenna (April 13, 2012). "Behind Instagram's Success, Networking the Old Way". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
^ Siegler, MG (March 5, 2010). "Burbn's Funding Goes Down Smooth. Baseline, Andreessen Back Stealthy Location Startup". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
^ abc Shontell, Alyson (April 9, 2012). "Meet The 13 Lucky Employees And 9 Investors Behind $1 Billion Instagram". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
^ Beltrone, Gabriel (July 29, 2011). "Instagram Surprises With Fifth Employee". Adweek. Beringer Capital. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
^ "Instagram post by Kevin Systrom • Jul 16, 2010 at 9:24pm UTC". Instagram.
^ "Here's The First Instagram Photo Ever". Time.
^ "This is Instagram's first photo ever". Time.
^ Siegler, MG (October 6, 2010). "Instagram Launches with the Hope of Igniting Communication Through Images". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ "Welcome to Instagram". Instagram. October 5, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Siegler, MG (February 2, 2011). "Instagram Filters Through Suitors To Capture $7 Million in Funding Led By Benchmark". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Markowitz, Eric (April 10, 2012). "How Instagram Grew From Foursquare Knock-Off to $1 Billion Photo Empire". Inc. Mansueto Ventures. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ ab Tsotsis, Alexia (April 3, 2012). "With Over 30 Million Users on iOS, Instagram Finally Comes To Android". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Houston, Thomas (April 3, 2012). "Instagram for Android now available". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Blagdon, Jeff (April 4, 2012). "Instagram for Android breaks 1 million downloads in less than a day". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Ante, Spencer E. (March 9, 2012). "Financing to Value Instagram at $500 Million". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
(subscription required)
^ Tsotsis, Alexia (April 9, 2012). "Right Before Acquisition, Instagram Closed $50M at A$500M Valuation From Sequoia, Thrive, Greylock And Benchmark". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Upbin, Bruce (April 9, 2012). "Facebook Buys Instagram For $1 Billion. Smart Arbitrage". Forbes. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Rusli, Evelyn M. (April 9, 2012). "Facebook Buys Instagram for $1 Billion". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Oreskovic, Alexei; Shih, Gerry (April 10, 2012). "Facebook to buy Instagram for $1 billion". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh; Cutler, Kim-Mai (April 9, 2012). "Facebook Buys Instagram For $1 Billion, Turns Budding Rival into Its Standalone Photo App". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Houston, Thomas (April 9, 2012). "Facebook to buy Instagram for $1 billion". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ abcd Segall, Laurie (April 9, 2012). "Facebook acquires Instagram for $1 billion". CNNMoney. CNN. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ "Facebook's Instagram bid gets go-ahead from the OFT". BBC. August 14, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Oreskovic, Alexei (August 22, 2012). "FTC clears Facebook's acquisition of Instagram". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Geron, Tomio (September 6, 2012). "Facebook Officially Closes Instagram Deal". Forbes. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Isaac, Mike (April 9, 2012). "Exclusive: Facebook Deal Nets Instagram CEO $400 Million". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Protalinski, Emil (April 23, 2012). "Facebook buying Instagram for $300 million, 23 million shares". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Hamburger, Ellis (November 5, 2012). "Instagram launches web profiles, but maintains clear focus on mobile". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Chaey, Christina (February 5, 2013). "Instagram Launches A Web Feed So You Can View Friends' Photos Online, Not Just on Your Phone". Fast Company. Mansueto Ventures. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (June 9, 2015). "Instagram is launching a redesigned website with bigger photos". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Lopez, Napier (June 9, 2015). "Instagram for the Web is getting a cleaner, flatter redesign". The Next Web. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Warren, Tom (October 22, 2013). "Official Instagram Windows Phone app arriving in the 'coming weeks'". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Warren, Tom (March 6, 2013). "Nokia wants Instagram for Windows Phone, piles pressure on with #2InstaWithLove". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Rubino, Daniel (March 5, 2013). "Nokia releases #2InstaWithLove social app to put some pressure on Instagram". Windows Central. Mobile Nations. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Warren, Tom (November 20, 2013). "Instagram arrives on Windows Phone, lacks video recording". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Dredge, Stuart (November 20, 2013). "Instagram arrives on Windows Phone (and yes, you CAN take photos)". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Warren, Tom (April 28, 2016). "Instagram launches on Windows 10 Mobile, finally gets video support". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Warren, Tom (October 14, 2016). "Instagram arrives on Windows 10 PCs and tablets, still not on iPad". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Protalinski, Emil (October 13, 2016). "Instagram launches for Windows 10 PCs and tablets". VentureBeat. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Bell, Karissa (March 11, 2014). "Instagram Releases Faster, More Responsive Android App". Mashable. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Cohen, David (March 11, 2014). "Twice As Quick, Half As Large: Instagram Updates Android App". Adweek. Beringer Capital. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Hamburger, Ellis (March 11, 2014). "Instagram shoots for global expansion with big Android update". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (April 18, 2017). "Instagram on Android gets offline mode". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ O'Kane, Sean (April 19, 2017). "Instagram for Android now works offline". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Ghoshal, Abhimanyu (April 19, 2017). "Instagram now works offline on Android". The Next Web. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Carr, Austin (March 25, 2014). "Instagram Testing Facebook Places Integration To Replace Foursquare". Fast Company. Mansueto Ventures. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Steele, Billy (March 25, 2014). "Instagram is testing Facebook Places integration for location tagging". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Hunt, Elle (June 7, 2016). "New algorithm-driven Instagram feed rolled out to the dismay of users". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ ab "See the Moments You Care About First". Instagram Blog. Instagram. March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Perez, Sarah (June 3, 2016). "Instagram's new algorithm that puts the best posts first goes live". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (May 11, 2016). "Instagram launches redesigned app and icon". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Perez, Sarah (May 11, 2016). "Instagram's big redesign goes live with a colorful new icon, black-and-white app and more". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Titcomb, James (May 11, 2016). "Instagram is changing its iconic logo – here's why". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Newton, Casey (April 26, 2016). "Instagram is testing a new black-and-white design". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Systrom, Kevin (September 24, 2018). "Statement from Kevin Systrom, Instagram Co-Founder and CEO". Instagram. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
^ Kesbeh, Dina (September 25, 2018). "Instagram Co-Founders To Step Down". NPR. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
^ "Former Facebook News Feed head Adam Mosseri to lead Instagram". October 1, 2018.
^ Constine, Josh (October 1, 2018). "Meet Adam Mosseri, the new head of Instagram". TechCrunch.
^ "Creating a More Accessible Instagram". Instagram. 2018-11-28. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
^ ajdellinger. "Instagram adds new photo descriptions for visually impaired users". Engadget. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
^ Humphries, By Matthew; November 29, 2018 10:39AM EST; November 29, 2018. "Instagram Adds Object Detection, Alt Text for the Visually Impaired". PCMAG. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
^ Buck, Stephanie (May 30, 2012). "The Beginner's Guide to Instagram". Yahoo!. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ "Posting & Adding Locations". Instagram Help. Instagram. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Grant, Megan (December 6, 2016). "How To Remove Followers On Instagram, As Long As You Have A Private Account". Bustle. Bustle Digital Group. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
^ Frommer, Dan (November 1, 2010). "Here's How To Use Instagram". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Van Grove, Jennifer (January 27, 2011). "Instagram Introduces Hashtags for Users & Brands". Mashable. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ "Introducing Hashtags on Instagram". Instagram Blog. Instagram. January 26, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ "Instagram Tips: Using Hashtags". Instagram Blog. Instagram. February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Van Grove, Jennifer (September 20, 2011). "Instagram 2.0 Launches: A Faster App With Live Filters & Hi-Res Photos". Mashable. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Geere, Duncan (September 20, 2011). "Instagram Adds High-Res Photos, New Filters in Version 2.0". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Setalvad, Ariha (August 27, 2015). "You can now post full-size landscape and portrait photos on Instagram". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Williams, Rhiannon (August 27, 2015). "Instagram finally drops square picture rules to embrace rectangular photos". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Stinson, Liz (August 27, 2015). "Instagram Ends the Tyranny of the Square". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ O'Kane, Sean (August 31, 2016). "Instagram now lets you pinch to zoom on photos and videos in iOS". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
^ Etherington, Darrell (August 31, 2016). "Instagram now lets you zoom in on videos and photos on iOS". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
^ Newton, Casey (September 6, 2016). "Instagram is getting rid of photo maps". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Hinchcliffe, Emma (September 6, 2016). "Instagram is killing photo maps". Mashable. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Bell, Karissa (December 14, 2016). "No more screenshots: Instagram now lets you privately save posts". Mashable. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Garun, Natt (December 14, 2016). "You can now bookmark Instagram posts to look at later". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Welch, Chris (April 17, 2017). "Instagram's saved posts can now be organized into Pinterest-like collections". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Fingas, Jon (April 17, 2017). "Instagram goes after Pinterest with saved post collections". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ ab Constine, Josh (February 22, 2017). "Instagram lets you post up to 10 photos or videos as 1 swipeable carousel". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ ab Pierce, David (February 22, 2017). "Instagram Galleries Are Yet Another Reason to Never Leave Instagram". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (August 29, 2017). "Instagram now lets you post landscape and portrait photo albums". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ Hall, Zac (August 29, 2017). "Instagram now lets you share portrait and landscape shots in galleries". 9to5Mac. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ Carman, Ashley (May 8, 2017). "You can now upload Instagram photos from its mobile website". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (May 8, 2017). "Instagram launches mobile web sharing to pursue global growth". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (May 22, 2017). "Instagram deters deletion with reversible "archive" option". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Miller, Chance (May 22, 2017). "Instagram rolling out new 'archive' option for temporarily hiding posts". 9to5Mac. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Newton, Casey (August 15, 2017). "Instagram begins organizing comments into threads". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (August 15, 2017). "Facebook and Instagram get redesigns for readability". TechCrunch. Oath Inc. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ "Instagram launches a portrait mode and a new way to tag friends in Stories". The Verge. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
^ "Instagram will let brands sell products through videos". Engadget. Retrieved 2018-11-15.
^ Constine, Josh (June 25, 2012). "Instagram's New "Explore" Brings The Future of Photo Discovery into Focus". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Buhr, Sarah; Constine, Josh (June 23, 2015). "Instagram Gets Newsy With Trends And Place Search For Exploring Anything, Anywhere". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Welch, Chris (April 14, 2016). "Instagram makes video an even bigger part of its Explore tab". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (April 14, 2016). "Instagram launches personalized video feed and themed channels in Explore". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Tepper, Fitz (August 17, 2016). "Instagram adds an Events channel to show you the best videos from concerts and sporting events". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Kokalitcheva, Kia (August 17, 2016). "Instagram Now Lets Users Discover New Events-Themed Videos". Fortune. Time Inc. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Newton, Casey (October 18, 2016). "Instagram brings stories to the explore tab". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Yeung, Ken (October 18, 2016). "Instagram adds Stories to search and explore tab". VentureBeat. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ ab Constine, Josh (November 21, 2016). "Instagram launches disappearing Live video and messages". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ ab Constine, Josh (May 23, 2017). "Instagram launches Story Search for hashtags and locations". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ "The Essential Guide to Using Instagram Filters like a Pro". The Next Web. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
^ "How to Choose the Best Instagram Filter for your Photo". Mashable. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
^ Garber, Megan (April 10, 2012). "A Guide to the Instagram Filters You'll Soon Be Seeing on Facebook". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
^ "Instagram's Newest Filter: Mayfair". Instagram. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
^ "Instagram's Newest Filter: Willow". Instagram. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
^ "Instagram adds five new filters for subtle photo effects". cnet. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
^ "Five new filters". Instagram Blog. Instagram. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
^ Messieh, Nancy. "How Instagram Filters Work, And Can You Tell The Difference?". Retrieved August 3, 2016.
^ "Three New Filters and Emoji Hashtags". Instagram Blog. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
^ Lofte, Leanna (February 11, 2012). "Instagram introduces Lux, a new way to enhance your photos". iMore. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ White, Charlie (February 11, 2012). "Instagram Upgrade Introduces a Powerful New Feature". Mashable. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ "Five New Filters". Instagram Blog. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
^ Taylor, Colleen (June 20, 2013). "Instagram Launches 15-Second Video Sharing Feature, With 13 Filters And Editing". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Warren, Christina (June 20, 2013). "Instagram Adds Video". Mashable. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Langer, Eli (June 23, 2013). "Instagram Video Taking a Swing at Vine: Study". CNBC. NBCUniversal News Group. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Madrigal, Alexis C. (June 20, 2013). "#TeamVine: Instagram Has Video Now, but Not a Video-Making Culture". The Atlantic. Atlantic Media. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Meyer, Robinson (August 27, 2015). "It's No Longer Hip to Be Square—on Instagram, At Least". The Atlantic. Atlantic Media. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Lelinwalla, Mark (August 27, 2015). "Instagram Now Supports Widescreen Images And Videos". Tech Times. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Strange, Adario (March 29, 2016). "You can now post 60-second videos on Instagram". Mashable. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Roettgers, Janko (March 29, 2016). "Instagram Bumps Up Video Length From 15 to 60 Seconds". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ "What are the video upload requirements for IGTV? | Instagram Help Center". Instagram Help. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
^ "Instagram announces IGTV, a standalone app for longer videos". The Verge. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
^ Rosney, Daniel (June 20, 2018). "Instagram now allows 60-minute videos". BBC News. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
^ "Instagram launches IGTV app for creators, 1-hour video uploads". TechCrunch. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
^ Crook, Jordan (December 12, 2013). "Instagram Introduces Instagram Direct". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Hamburger, Ellis (December 12, 2013). "Instagram announces Instagram Direct for private photo, video, and text messaging". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Segall, Laurie (December 12, 2013). "Instagram launches direct messaging". CNN Tech. CNN. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Setalvad, Ariha (September 1, 2015). "Instagram Direct gets a huge update focused on messaging your friends". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ McHugh, Molly (September 1, 2015). "Today's Instagram Update Could Ease the Dreaded @ Wars". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Kokalitcheva, Kia (September 1, 2015). "Instagram takes on Twitter's direct messages with these new features". Fortune. Time Inc. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Kahn, Jordan (November 21, 2016). "Instagram launches live video for Stories, disappearing photos & videos in direct messages". 9to5Mac. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Ingraham, Nathan (November 21, 2016). "Instagram adds live video broadcasts and disappearing photos". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ ab Constine, Josh (April 11, 2017). "Instagram Direct unites ephemeral and permanent messaging for 375M users". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ ab Gottsegen, Gordon (April 11, 2017). "Instagram Direct messages just became more like Snapchat". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ ab Kastrenakes, Jacob (April 11, 2017). "Instagram Direct now combines permanent and ephemeral chats". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Gartenberg, Chaim (May 25, 2017). "Instagram is just now offering support for sending links in direct messages". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
^ Etherington, Darrell (May 25, 2017). "Instagram direct messages now support web links and different photo orientations". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (August 2, 2016). "Instagram launches "Stories," a Snapchatty feature for imperfect sharing". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Newton, Casey (August 2, 2016). "Instagram's new stories are a near-perfect copy of Snapchat stories". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ Newton, Casey (November 21, 2016). "Instagram's take on live video arrives with an ephemeral twist". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ ab Constine, Josh (January 11, 2017). "Instagram Stories hits 150M daily users, launches skippable ads". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ ab Titcomb, James (January 11, 2017). "Instagram to show more adverts by putting them in Stories". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ ab Constine, Josh (April 13, 2017). "Instagram Stories hits 200M users, surpassing Snapchat as it copies its AR stickers". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ ab Statt, Nick (April 13, 2017). "Instagram Stories is now more popular than the app it was designed to kill". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ ab Roettgers, Janko (April 13, 2017). "Instagram Clocks 200 Million Daily Users for Its Snapchat Stories Clone". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^ O'Kane, Sean (May 16, 2017). "Instagram adds augmented reality face filters". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (May 16, 2017). "Instagram launches selfie filters, copying the last big Snapchat feature". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (May 16, 2017). "Instagram tests Location Stories". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Newton, Casey (May 23, 2017). "You can now search Instagram Stories by location and hashtag". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ ab Constine, Josh (June 20, 2017). "Instagram Stories hits 250M daily users, adds Live video replays". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (July 6, 2017). "Instagram now lets you reply to stories with photos and videos". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
^ Etherington, Darrell (July 6, 2017). "You can now reply to Instagram Stories with photos and video". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
^ Garun, Natt (August 31, 2017). "You can now view Instagram Stories on the web". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ Lumb, David (August 31, 2017). "Instagram Stories now work in your browser". Engadget. Oath Inc. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ Johnson, Eric (June 5, 2017). "Did Instagram copy Snapchat? Not exactly, Instagram CEO Kevin Systrom says". Recode. Vox Media. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
^ Krishna, Swapna (June 5, 2017). "Instagram CEO downplays criticism that it copied Snapchat". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
^ Tsotsis, Alexia (April 2, 2013). "Monetization TBD ... Instagram Hires Facebook's Emily White As Director of Business Operations". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Shontell, Alyson (September 9, 2013). "Emily White Has The Large Task of Turning A Zero-Revenue Business For Facebook into A Money-Making Machine". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Rusli, Evelyn M. (September 8, 2013). "Instagram Pictures Itself Making Money". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Dugdale, Addy (December 4, 2013). "Snapchat Snaps Up Facebook And Instagram's Emily White As Its New COO". Fast Company. Mansueto Ventures. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Bort, Julie (December 3, 2013). "Snapchat Just Nabbed An Important Advertising Exec Away From Facebook". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Wagner, Kurt (August 13, 2014). "Instagram Hires New Ad Chief". Recode. Vox Media. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Panzarino, Matthew (October 3, 2013). "Instagram To Start Showing In-Feed Video And Image Ads To US Users". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Covert, Adrian (October 3, 2013). "Instagram: Now with ads". CNN Tech. CNN. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh; Crook, Jordan (October 24, 2013). "This Is What Instagram Ads Look Like". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Baldwin, Roberto (October 24, 2013). "Instagram Reveals What Ads Will Look Like in Your Timeline". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Welch, Chris (November 1, 2013). "Instagram launches ads with sponsored post from Michael Kors". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Van Grove, Jennifer (November 1, 2013). "The preview is over: Instagram ads are here". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (October 30, 2014). "Instagram launches video ads today". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Sawers, Paul (October 30, 2014). "Instagram video ads are rolling out today, watch 4 of them here". The Next Web. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Dove, Jackie (June 9, 2014). "Instagram will introduce ads in the UK, Canada and Australia 'later this year'". The Next Web. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Ong, Josh (September 17, 2014). "Instagram to introduce advertising in the UK in 'the coming weeks'". The Next Web. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Sloane, Garett (March 4, 2015). "Instagram Unveils New Features for Advertisers, From Carousel-Style Photos to Web Links". Adweek. Beringer Capital. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Oreskovic, Alexei (March 4, 2015). "Facebook's Instagram rolls out new 'carousel' ads". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Swant, Marty (October 30, 2015). "Why Offering Self-Service Carousel Ads Could Attract More Marketers to Instagram". Adweek. Beringer Capital. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Sullivan, Mark (October 29, 2015). "Instagram will sell carousel ads to businesses via self-service". VentureBeat. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Morrison, Maureen (May 3, 2016). "Instagram Adds Video to Ad Carousel". Advertising Age. Crain Communications. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ abc Perez, Sarah (May 31, 2016). "Instagram officially announces its new business tools". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Griffifths, Sarah (August 15, 2016). "Instagram launches business tools to help users buy and sell". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Raymundo, Oscar (May 31, 2016). "Instagram will let you run a business profile if you have a Facebook Page". Macworld. International Data Group. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Ha, Anthony (February 24, 2016). "There Are Now 200K Advertisers on Instagram". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Ha, Anthony (September 22, 2016). "And now there are 500K active advertisers on Instagram". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Ingram, David (March 22, 2017). "Instagram says advertising base tops one million businesses". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Yeung, Ken (March 22, 2017). "Instagram now has 1 million advertisers, will launch business booking tool this year". VentureBeat. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Hamburger, Ellis (July 29, 2014). "This is Bolt, Instagram's new messaging app". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Shontell, Alyson (July 29, 2014). "Instagram Launches Its One-Tap Photo App Bolt To Rival TapTalk And Mirage". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Kuang, Cliff (August 26, 2014). "Hyperlapse, Instagram's New App, Is Like a $15,000 Video Setup in Your Hand". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Etherington, Darrell (August 26, 2014). "Instagram's New Hyperlapse App Makes Mobile Timelapse And Steady Video Capture Easy". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Protalinski, Emil (May 14, 2015). "Microsoft Hyperlapse apps launch on Android and Windows to turn your shaky videos into smooth timelapses". VentureBeat. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Chaykowski, Kathleen (October 22, 2015). "Instagram Launches New App 'Boomerang' For Making GIF-Like Videos". Forbes. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Sawers, Paul (October 22, 2015). "Instagram launches Boomerang, an app that creates crazy, looping 1-second videos". VentureBeat. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Kelly, Heather (June 3, 2011). "10 cool things to do with Instagram". Macworld. International Data Group. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ Bilton, Nick (December 21, 2010). "Instagram Quickly Passes 1 Million Users". The New York Times. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ "The Instagram Community - One Million and Counting". Instagram. December 20, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Siegler, MG (June 13, 2011). "At 5 Million Users, It's Hard Not To View Instagram Through A Rose-Colored Filter". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ ab Swant, Marty (December 15, 2016). "This Instagram Timeline Shows the App's Rapid Growth to 600 Million". Adweek. Beringer Capital. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ "The Instagram Community - Ten Million and Counting". Instagram. September 26, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ "Instagram soars to 80M users, 4B photos". VentureBeat. July 26, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Protalinski, Emil (July 26, 2012). "Instagram passes 80 million users". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (February 26, 2013). "Instagram Hits 100 Million Monthly Users 28 Months After Launch". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Pepitone, Julianne (February 26, 2013). "Instagram hits 100 million users". CNN. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ ab Crook, Jordan (June 20, 2013). "Instagram Crosses 130 Million Users, With 16 Billion Photos And Over 1 Billion Likes Per Day". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Hernandez, Brian Anthony (September 9, 2013). "Instagram Reaches 150 Million Monthly Active Users". Mashable. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Smith, Cooper (September 9, 2013). "Instagram Has 150 Million Monthly Active Users". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (December 10, 2014). "Instagram Hits 300 Million Monthly Users To Surpass Twitter, Keeps It Real With Verified Badges". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Lorenzetti, Laura (December 10, 2014). "Instagram leaves Twitter in the dust with 300 million active users". Fortune. Time Inc. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Chaykowski, Kathleen (September 22, 2015). "Instagram Hits 400 Million Users, Soaring Past Twitter". Forbes. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (September 22, 2015). "Instagram is now used by 400 million people each month". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Wagner, Kurt (June 21, 2016). "Instagram now has 500 million users". Recode. Vox Media. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (June 21, 2016). "Instagram doubles monthly users to 500M in 2 years, sees 300M daily". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Fingas, Jon (December 15, 2016). "Instagram hits 600 million users as its growth speeds up". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Roettgers, Janko (December 15, 2016). "Instagram Now Has 600 Million Monthly Active Users". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (April 26, 2017). "Instagram hits 700 million users, accelerating from 600M in December". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
^ Byford, Sam (April 26, 2017). "Instagram is growing faster than ever". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
^ Balakrishnan, Anita (September 25, 2017). "Instagram says it now has 800 million users, up 100 million since April". CNBC. NBCUniversal News Group. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (September 25, 2017). "Instagram added 200 million daily users a year after launching Stories". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ Etherington, Darrell (October 6, 2016). "Instagram Stories has 100 million daily active users after just 2 months". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
^ Raymundo, Oscar (October 6, 2016). "Snapchat what? Instagram Stories racks up 100 million daily viewers". Macworld. International Data Group. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
^ Wagner, Kurt; Molla, Rani (June 20, 2017). "Instagram Stories is still growing quickly and now has 250 million users". Recode. Vox Media. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
^ Siegler, MG (June 13, 2011). "At 5 Million Users, It's Hard Not To View Instagram Through A Rose-Colored Filter". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Van Grove, Jennifer (June 14, 2011). "Instagram by the Numbers: 5 Million Users & 100 Million Photos". Mashable. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Siegler, MG (August 3, 2011). "The Latest Crazy Instagram Stats: 150 Million Photos, 15 Per Second, 80% Filtered". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Hardawar, Devindra (August 3, 2011). "Instagram snaps 150M photos, 7M users – still only 4 employees". VentureBeat. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Waxman, Olivia B. (October 6, 2015). "Here Are the 5 Most Popular Instagram Photos of All Time". Time. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Colbert, Annie (August 9, 2012). "Singer Composes Music Video From Fans' Instagram Photos". Mashable. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Newman, Jared (June 30, 2013). "50 Best Android Apps for 2013". Time. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
^ "Instagram Demographics". Business Insider. Smith, Cooper. March 13, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
^ "The Demographics of Instagram and Snapchat Users". Marketing Charts. Marketing Charts. October 29, 2013. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
^ Bakhshi, Saeideh; Shamma, David A.; Gilbert, Eric (2014). "Faces Engage Us: Photos with Faces Attract More Likes and Comments on Instagram". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI '14. New York, NY, USA: ACM: 965–974. doi:10.1145/2556288.2557403. ISBN 9781450324731.
^ Thomson, T. J.; Greenwood, Keith (October 2, 2017). "I "Like" That: Exploring the Characteristics That Promote Social Media Engagement With News Photographs". Visual Communication Quarterly. 24 (4): 203–218. doi:10.1080/15551393.2017.1388701. ISSN 1555-1393.
^ "#ThrowbackThursday is only the start: Instagram hashtags for every day of the week". Digital Trends. May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ "Instagram's Most Popular Hashtags Explained". Wix.com. March 4, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Popper, Ben (December 12, 2017). "Instagram gets more #interesting". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
^ Constine, Josh (December 12, 2017). "Instagram becomes an interest network with hashtag following". TechCrunch. Oath Inc. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
^ ab Patel, Nilay (December 18, 2012). "No, Instagram can't sell your photos: what the new terms of service really mean". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ "Instagram seeks right to sell access to photos to advertisers". BBC. December 18, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ ab McCullaugh, Declan; Tam, Donna (December 18, 2012). "Instagram apologizes to users: We won't sell your photos". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ ab Geron, Tomio (December 20, 2012). "After Backlash, Instagram Changes Back To Original Terms of Service". Forbes. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Hernandez, Brian Anthony (December 18, 2012). "15 Celebrities Outraged by Instagram's Privacy Policy". Mashable. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Systrom, Kevin (December 18, 2012). "Thank you, and we're listening". Instagram Blog. Instagram. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ McCullaugh, Declan (December 18, 2012). "Instagram rivals try to lure users away after photo rights flap". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Perlroth, Nicole; Wortham, Jenna (December 20, 2012). "Instagram's Loss Is a Gain for Its Rivals". The New York Times. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ McDermott, John (December 21, 2012). "Amid Criticism, Instagram Reverts to Old Terms of Service". Advertising Age. Crain Communications. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Levine, Dan (December 24, 2012). "Instagram furor triggers first class action lawsuit". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ "Instagram blocks some drugs advert tags after BBC probe". BBC News. BBC. November 7, 2013. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Batty, David (November 7, 2013). "Instagram acts after BBC finds site users are advertising illegal drugs". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Babb, Fletcher (September 19, 2014). "How Instagram's drug deals go undetected". VentureBeat. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Collins, Petra (January 23, 2014). "Why Instagram Censored My Body". HuffPost. AOL. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Schroeder, Audra (October 17, 2013). "Was this tame photo too racy for Instagram?". The Daily Dot. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Drewe, Nick (October 30, 2013). "Instagram's Sex Censorship is Inconsistent and Hilarious". The Daily Beast. IAC. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Hinde, Natasha (January 23, 2015). "Did Instagram Ban This Account Because of a Photo Showing Women's Pubic Hair?". HuffPost. AOL. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Banks, Grace (April 10, 2017). "Pics Or It Didn't Happen: reclaiming Instagram's censored art". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Fuller, Gillian (December 7, 2016). "Free the Nipple: You Need to See This Badass Instagram Account". Allure. Condé Nast. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Deczynski, Rebecca (October 5, 2015). "Instagram Explains Why It Won't #FreetheNipple". Nylon. Diversis Capital. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Bolton, Doug (October 6, 2015). "Free the Nipple: What types of nipples are allowed on Instagram?". The Independent. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Titcomb, James (March 16, 2016). "Instagram is changing its feed to show photos out of order". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
^ Titcomb, James (March 29, 2016). "Instagram changes: Don't panic, you don't have to turn on notifications". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
^ Alba, Alejandro (March 28, 2016). "Instagram users are upset, anxious about the new algorithmic timeline update". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
^ Thottam, Isabel (March 30, 2016). "Here's What Instagram Influencers Think of the New Algorithmic Timeline". Paste. Paste Media Group. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
^ Brueck, Hilary (March 29, 2016). "Instagram Asks Everyone to Calm Down After Algorithm Uproar". Fortune. Time Inc. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
^ Patkar, Mihir (April 11, 2016). "How (and Why) to Disable Algorithmic Feeds on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook". MakeUseOf. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
^ Tsukayama, Hayley (July 29, 2016). "Instagram will soon let you filter comments on your own account". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (July 29, 2016). "Instagram is building the anti-harassment tools Twitter won't". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ McCormick, Rich (August 2, 2016). "Instagram's anti-abuse comment filter is rolling out now". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ Carman, Ashley (September 12, 2016). "Instagram is now letting everyone filter abusive words out of their comments". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ Vincent, James (December 6, 2016). "Instagram will soon let you turn off comments and boot followers from private accounts". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ O'Brien, Sarah Ashley (December 6, 2016). "Instagram finally lets users disable comments". CNN. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ Etherington, Darrell (September 26, 2017). "Instagram now lets you choose who can comment on your posts". TechCrunch. Oath Inc. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (September 26, 2017). "Instagram now lets you limit who can comment on your pics". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ Thompson, Nicholas (June 29, 2017). "Instagram unleashes an AI system to blast away nasty comments". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ Etherington, Darrell (June 29, 2017). "Instagram implements an AI system to fight mean and harassing comments". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
^ "Instagram Unveils a Bully Filter". The New York Times. May 1, 2018. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
^ "Instagram 'worst for young mental health'". BBC News. BBC. May 18, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
^ "Instagram rated worst media for mental health". Yahoo! News. Yahoo!. May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
^ Reece, Andrew G.; Danforth, Christopher M. "Instagram photos reveal predictive markers of depression". EPJ Data Science. 6 (1): 15. doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-017-0110-z – via epjdatascience.springeropen.com.
^ Lintao, Carissa (July 4, 2017). "Instagram is cracking down on fake influencers". The Next Web. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
^ Lorentz, Taylor (June 7, 2017). "Instagram's "shadowban," explained: How to tell if Instagram is secretly blacklisting your posts". Mic. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
^ Levin, Sam (September 21, 2017). "Instagram uses 'I will rape you' post as Facebook ad in latest algorithm mishap". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ Liao, Shannon (September 21, 2017). "Instagram accidentally advertises itself on Facebook with rape threat photo". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ Newton, Casey (August 30, 2017). "Hackers exploited an Instagram bug to get celebrity phone numbers and email addresses". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ Coldewey, Devin (August 30, 2017). "Instagram bug leaked data on 'high-profile' users, company warns". TechCrunch. Oath Inc. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ ab Newton, Casey (September 1, 2017). "An Instagram hack hit millions of accounts, and victims' phone numbers are now for sale". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ Cox, Joseph (August 31, 2017). "Hackers Make Searchable Database to Dox Instagram Celebs". The Daily Beast. IAC. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ Buhr, Sarah (September 1, 2017). "Hackers claim to have personal info of millions of Instagram accounts, including celebs". TechCrunch. Oath Inc. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
^ Khan, Dawood. "Instagram Users' Passwords Were Exposed Accidentally In Plaintext". hackhex.com. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
^ "Instagram appears blocked in China". June 2018. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014.
^ "Turkey blocks WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter across the country". Business Insider. June 2018.
^ "After photo leak, North Korea said to block Instagram". PCWorld. June 2018.
^ "Congratulations Crunchies Winners!". TechCrunch. AOL. January 25, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
^ "The 100 Most Creative People in Business in 2011". Fast Company. May 2011. Archived from the original on November 1, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
^ Lagorio, Christine (June 27, 2011). "Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, Founders of Instagram". Inc. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
^ Swearingen, Jake (September 2, 2011). "SF Weekly Web Awards 2011: We Have Some Winners!". SF Weekly. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
^ "The Hot 20 2011". 7x7. September 23, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
^ Tsukayama, Hayley (December 9, 2011). "Apple names Instagram top app of the year". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
^ Mashable.com "The 100 best iPhone apps of all time" Published December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Instagram. |
 | Wikidata has the property:
|
Instagram username (P2003) (see - Official website
- Company headquarters page on Facebook's official website
"#Nofilter" podcast with the founders of Instagram (May 30, 2013)- How I Built This podcast - Instagram: Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger
Authority control  |
|
|---|
