析出硬化

Multi tool use
析出硬化,亦稱為時效硬化,是一種利用熱處理增加屈服强度的方法,包括許多結構用合金,如鋁、鎂、鎳、鈦及部分的鋼鐵或不鏽鋼。
析出硬化必須依賴著在不同溫度下對於溶質的溶解度變化,而溶質氛圍可以阻擋差排移動或在晶格中形成缺陷。差排常是金屬中造成塑性變形的主要途徑,一旦差排的移動被阻擋,就可以硬化金屬。固體中可以析出許多不同尺寸的析出顆粒,都會有不同的功能,由於析出的多寡與時間有關,所以又稱為時效(aging)。
一般來說,析出硬化需要兩段不同的熱處理,包括固溶熱處理及析出熱處理。固溶熱處理需要把第二相溶回基地相中形成單一相,並伴隨著淬火,使金屬保持著過飽和狀態。析出熱處理則是讓第二相析出,並使材料強度上升[1] 。
参考资料
^ W.D. Callister. Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering, 2nd ed. Wiley & Sons. pp. 252.
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