1998 Philippine presidential election
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| Turnout | 86.5%  11.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Presidential election results per province. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presidential elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. In the presidential election, Vice President Joseph Estrada won a six-year term as President by a landslide victory. In the vice-presidential race, Senator Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo won a six-year term as Vice President also by a landslide victory. This was the third election where both president and vice president came from different parties.
Contents
1 Results
1.1 For president
1.1.1 NAMFREL quick count
1.1.2 Voter demographics
1.2 For vice-president
1.2.1 NAMFREL quick count
1.2.2 Voter demographics
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Results
The 10th Congress canvassed the votes in joint session for a number of days before declaring Estrada and Arroyo as the winners; with Senate President Neptali Gonzales and Speaker De Venecia announcing the victors.
While the official canvassing did not start a fortnight after Election Day, the National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) held a parallel and unofficial quick count which was released days after the election and was updated at irregular intervals. NAMFREL based their tally from the seventh copy of the election returns given to them.
In theory, the totals for the official canvassing (derived from the certificates of canvass, which are then derived from the election returns) and the completed NAMFREL quick count should be equal.
For president
Estrada carried majority of the provinces especially his hometown, San Juan City and Metro Manila.
De Venecia carried his home province of Pangasinan, as well as Baguio City, Roco carried his home province of Camarines Sur and the rest of the Bicol Region (excluding Masbate), and Osmeña got his foothold over his home province of Cebu and other provinces in the South.
Other candidates also carried their home provinces such as de Villa of Batangas and Siquijor, Enrile of Cagayan and Iloilo City, and Defensor-Santiago of Iloilo Province, as well as Tawi-Tawi and Bacolod City. Lim was the only major candidate who did not carry any provinces (except Batanes) and failed to capture his hometown of Manila.
| Candidates | Parties | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Joseph Estrada | Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Filipino Masses) | 10,722,295 | 39.86% | |
Jose de Venecia Jr. | Lakas–NUCD–UMDP (People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats–Union of Muslim Democrats of the Philippines) | 4,268,483 | 15.87% | |
Raul Roco | Aksyon Demokratiko (Democratic Action) | 3,720,212 | 13.83% | |
Emilio Osmeña | Probinsya Muna Development Initiative (Provinces First Development Initiative) | 3,347,631 | 12.44% | |
Alfredo Lim | Liberal Party | 2,344,362 | 8.71% | |
Renato de Villa | Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma–Lapiang Manggagawa (Party for Democratic Reforms–Workers' Party) | 1,308,352 | 4.86% | |
Miriam Defensor Santiago | People's Reform Party | 797,206 | 2.96% | |
Juan Ponce Enrile | Independent | 343,139 | 1.28% | |
| Santiago Dumlao | Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago (Movement for National Change) | 32,212 | 0.12% | |
| Manuel Morato | Partido Bansang Marangal (Party of Noble Nation) | 18,644 | 0.07% | |
| Total | 26,902,536 | 100% | ||
| Valid votes | 26,902,536 | 91.9% | ||
| Invalid votes | 2,383,239 | 8.1% | ||
| Votes cast | 29,285,775 | 86.5% | ||
| Registered voters | 33,873,665 | |||
NAMFREL quick count
Take note that Manuel Morato had a higher number of votes in the NAMFREL quick count than the official Congressional canvass.
| Candidate | Party | Results | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Diff* | |||
Joseph Estrada | LAMMP | 8,239,823 | 39.47% | −0.39% | |
Jose de Venecia | Lakas | 3,247,067 | 15.55% | −0.32% | |
Raul Roco | Aksyon | 2,923,842 | 14.00% | 0.17% | |
Emilio Osmeña | PROMDI | 2,454,432 | 11.76% | −0.68% | |
Alfredo Lim | Liberal | 1,815,664 | 8.70% | −0.01% | |
Renato de Villa | Reporma-LM | 1,028,854 | 4.93% | 0.07% | |
Miriam Defensor Santiago | PRP | 584,633 | 2.80% | −0.16% | |
Juan Ponce Enrile | Independent | 297,801 | 1.43% | 0.15% | |
Imelda Marcos (withdrew) | KBL | 232,714 | 1.11% | N/A | |
| Santiago Dumlao | Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago | 29,327 | 0.14% | 0.02% | |
| Manuel Morato | Partido Bansang Marangal | 23,208 | 0.07% | 0.04% | |
| Votes | 20,877,365 | 100.00% | — | ||
*Difference from the NAMFREL quick count from the official Congressional canvass.
Voter demographics
| 1998 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic subgroup | Estrada | de Venecia | Roco | Osmeña | Other | % of total vote | |||
| Total vote | 39 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 20 | 100 | |||
| Region | |||||||||
| NCR | 33 | 11 | 28 | 4 | 24 | 9 | |||
| CAR | 47 | 24 | 12 | 0 | 17 | 5 | |||
| Region I - Ilocos | 33 | 61 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 6 | |||
| Region II - Cagayan | 44 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 38 | 5 | |||
| Region III - Central Luzon | 50 | 15 | 17 | 1 | 17 | 7 | |||
| Region IV - Southern Tagalog | 45 | 10 | 12 | 1 | 32 | 12 | |||
| Region V - Bicol | 14 | 8 | 75 | 0 | 3 | 5 | |||
| Region VI - Western Visayas | 40 | 12 | 3 | 9 | 36 | 9 | |||
| Region VII - Central Visayas | 20 | 12 | 5 | 52 | 11 | 7 | |||
| Region VIII - Eastern Visayas | 48 | 18 | 1 | 23 | 10 | 4 | |||
| Region IX - Western Mindanao | 39 | 19 | 4 | 20 | 18 | 6 | |||
| Region X - Northern Mindanao | 33 | 20 | 3 | 31 | 13 | 5 | |||
| Region XI - Southern Mindanao | 44 | 12 | 3 | 30 | 11 | 8 | |||
| Region XII - Central Mindanao | 52 | 18 | 3 | 15 | 12 | 6 | |||
| ARMM | 63 | 25 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 6 | |||
Source: Exit polls conducted by Social Weather Stations on May 12, 100% total (margin of error: 1.3%)[2]
For vice-president
Provincial and city breakdown of the vice presidential election.
Arroyo also carried most of the provinces including her home province of Pampanga. Other candidates also carried their home provinces such as Angara of Aurora (and Quezon), Tatad of Catanduanes and Sueno of South Cotabato.
Only Orbos of Pangasinan and Osmeña of Cebu, as well as independent candidate Baldomero Falcone (running mate of Enrile), failed to capture the votes of their home provinces.
| Candidates | Parties | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo | Lakas-NUCD-UMDP (People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats–Union of Muslim Democrats of the Philippines) | 12,667,252 | 49.56% | |
Edgardo Angara | Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Democratic Filipinos) | 5,652,068 | 22.11% | |
Oscar Orbos | Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma (Party for Democratic Reforms) | 3,321,779 | 13.00% | |
Sergio Osmeña III | Liberal Party | 2,351,462 | 9.20% | |
Francisco Tatad | People's Reform Party | 745,389 | 2.92% | |
Ismael Sueno | Probinsya Muna Development Initiative (Provinces First Development Initiative) | 537,677 | 2.10% | |
Irene Santiago | Aksyon Demokratiko (Democratic Action) | 240,210 | 0.94% | |
| Camilo Sabio | Partido Bansang Marangal (Party of Noble Nation) | 22,010 | 0.09% | |
| Reynaldo Pacheco | Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago (Movement for National Change) | 21,422 | 0.08% | |
| Total | 25,539,269 | 100% | ||
| Valid votes | 25,539,269 | 87.3% | ||
| Invalid votes | 3,726,506 | 12.7% | ||
Votes cast | 29,285,775 | 86.5% | ||
| Registered voters | 33,873,665 | |||
NAMFREL quick count
Take note that Reynaldo Pacheco had a higher number of votes in the NAMFREL quick count than the official Congressional canvass.
| Candidate | Party | Results | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Diff* | |||
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo | Lakas | 9,624,397 | 48.85% | −0.71% | |
Edgardo Angara | LDP | 4,380,991 | 22.24% | 0.13 | |
Oscar Orbos | Reporma-LM | 2,651,184 | 13.46% | 0.46 | |
Sergio Osmeña III | Liberal | 1,183,998 | 9.21% | 0.01 | |
Francisco Tatad | PRP/Gabay Bayan | 582,548 | 2.96% | 0.05 | |
Ismael Sueno | PROMDI | 409,966 | 2.08% | −0.02 | |
Irene Santiago | Aksyon | 196,386 | 1.00% | 0.07 | |
| Reynaldo Pacheco | Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago | 23,107 | 0.12% | 0.04 | |
| Camilo Sabio | Partido Bansang Marangal | 19,555 | 0.10% | 0.01 | |
| Votes | 19,702,132 | 100.00% | — | ||
*Difference from the NAMFREL quick count from the official Congressional canvass.
Voter demographics
| 1998 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic subgroup | Arroyo | Angara | Orbos | Osmeña | Other | % of total vote | |||
| Total vote | 50 | 21 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 100 | |||
| Region | |||||||||
| NCR | 32 | 21 | 33 | 12 | 2 | 9 | |||
| CAR | 60 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 5 | |||
| Region I - Ilocos | 53 | 15 | 30 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||
| Region II - Cagayan | 62 | 26 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 5 | |||
| Region III - Central Luzon | 66 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 7 | |||
| Region IV - Southern Tagalog | 45 | 29 | 17 | 7 | 2 | 12 | |||
| Region V - Bicol | 48 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 29 | 5 | |||
| Region VI - Western Visayas | 46 | 28 | 4 | 15 | 7 | 9 | |||
| Region VII - Central Visayas | 45 | 17 | 2 | 25 | 11 | 7 | |||
| Region VIII - Eastern Visayas | 67 | 18 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 4 | |||
| Region IX - Western Mindanao | 59 | 18 | 5 | 15 | 3 | 6 | |||
| Region X - Northern Mindanao | 58 | 21 | 3 | 16 | 2 | 5 | |||
| Region XI - Southern Mindanao | 50 | 20 | 5 | 13 | 12 | 8 | |||
| Region XII - Central Mindanao | 56 | 21 | 3 | 9 | 11 | 6 | |||
| ARMM | 58 | 30 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 6 | |||
Source: Exit polls conducted by Social Weather Stations on May 12, 100% total (margin of error: 1.4%)[3]
See also
- Commission on Elections
- Politics of the Philippines
- Philippine elections
- President of the Philippines
- 11th Congress of the Philippines
References
^ ab "Report on the Philippine General Elections 1998" (PDF). NAMFREL.com.ph. Retrieved 2011-03-17..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
[permanent dead link]
^ "COMPARING SWS EXIT POLL RESULTS WITH NAMFREL COUNT BY REGION". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ "VICE-PRESIDENTIAL VOTES FOR THE MAY 11, 1998 ELECTIONS: SWS Day-of-Election 'Exit Poll'". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
External links
- The Philippine Presidency Project
- Official website of the Commission on Elections
- Official website of the House of Representatives
