五加科






































五加科

Aralia elata en fleur4081.jpg

辽东楤木 Aralia elata

科学分类 编辑
界：
植物界 Plantae
演化支：
被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：
真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：
菊类植物 Asterids
目：
繖形目 Apiales
科：
五加科 Araliaceae
Juss., 1789

模式属

楤木属
Aralia
L., 1753

亚科



  • 楤木亚科 Aralioideae


  • 天胡荽亚科 Hydrocotyloideae




五加科（学名：Araliaceae）植物共有52个属，900多种；中国有22属160多种，分布在除新疆以外的全国各地。


本科植物和伞形科以及海桐花科亲缘最近，原来属于伞形科的天胡荽属和饰带花属根据基因分析被APG II 分类法划入五加科。五加科属的分类尚没有最终确定，有些属被归并入鹅掌柴属中，可能还有些属会被划开。


五加科植物有许多是重要的中药材，如人参、三七、西洋参、通草、五加等，五加根皮可泡制著名的五加皮酒。


此外常春藤也是常见的绿化植物。




目录






  • 1 形态


  • 2 属


  • 3 参考文献


  • 4 外部链接





形态



  • 包括乔木、灌木和藤本，只有少数种为多年生草本植物；

  • 叶片互生，很少轮生，单叶、羽状复叶或掌状复叶，托叶通常与叶柄基部合生成鞘状，很少无托叶；


  • 花两性或杂性，很少单性异株，伞状、头状、总状或穗状花序，很小但排列为大的花序中，组成圆锥状复花序；萼筒与子房合生，边缘波状或有萼齿，花瓣5～10枚，通常离生，很少合生成帽状体，雄蕊与花瓣同数互生，有时倍于花瓣或没有定数，着生于上位花瓣边缘，子房下位、2～15室，很少1室，每室有胚珠1枚；


  • 浆果或核果；种子通常侧扁。



属



  • Anakasia

  • Apiopetalum


  • 楤木属 Aralia


  • 拟五加属 Araliopsoides †


  • 洋常春藤属 Arthrophyllum

  • Astrotricha

  • Boninofatsia


  • 罗伞属 Brassaiopsis

  • Cephalaralia

  • Cheirodendron

  • Cromapanax

  • Cuphocarpus


  • 粗根树属 Cussonia

  • Delarbrea


  • 树参属 Dendropanax


  • 双参木 Didymopanax


  • 五加属 Eleutherococcus (=Acanthopanax)


  • 八角金盘属 Fatsia


  • 萸叶五加属 Gamblea

  • Gastonia

  • Harmsiopanax


  • 常春藤属 Hedera


  • 幌伞枫属 Heteropanax


  • 湖南参属 Hunaniopanax


  • 天胡荽属 Hydrocotyle


    盾叶天胡荽 (Hydrocotyle vulgaris)




  • 刺楸属 Kalopanax

  • Mackinlaya


  • 大参属 Macropanax

  • Megalopanax


  • 常春木属 Merrilliopanax

  • Meryta

  • Motherwellia

  • Munroidendron

  • Myodocarpus


  • 刺参属 Oplopanax


  • 山参属 Oreopanax


  • 兰屿八角金盘属 Osmoxylon


  • 人参属 Panax


  • 五叶参属 Pentapanax


  • 南洋参属 Polyscias


  • 梁王茶属 Pseudopanax

  • Pseudosciadium

  • Reynoldsia


  • 鹅掌柴属 Schefflera

  • Sciadodendrom

  • Seemannaralia


  • 华参属 Sinopanax

  • Stilbocarpa


  • 通脱木属 Tetrapanax


  • 羽叶五加属 Tetraplasandra


  • 饰带花属 Trachymene


  • 刺通草属 Trevesia

  • Woodburnia



参考文献



  • Chandler, G.T. and G. M. Plunkett. 1994. Evolution in Apiales: nuclear and chloroplast markers together in (almost) perfect harmony. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 144: 123-147 (abstract).

  • Frodin, D. G. and R. Govaerts. 2004. World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae. Kew Publishing.

  • Plunkett, G.M., Soltis, D.E. & Soltis, P.S. 1997. Clarification of the relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae based on MATK and RBCL sequence data. American Journal of Botany 84: 565-580 (available online; pdf file).

  • Wen, J., G. M. Plunkett, A. D. Mitchell, and S.J. Wagstaff. 2001. The Evolution of Araliaceae: A Phylogenetic Analysis Based on ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA. Systematic Botany 26: 144–167 (abstract).



外部链接



  • 五加科资源中心


  • 五加科 Araliaceae 藥用植物圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院) （中文）（英文）








维基物种中的分类信息：五加科



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